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Advanced English Words

For the GRE and graduate school: the hardest words of all. 990 words, A to Z.

77 words starting with C

  • cabal noun

    a small secret group that plots to gain power or influence

    In the novel, a cabal of greedy merchants plots to control all the salt trade in the city.

    Like conspiracy, faction, ring

  • cachet noun

    prestige or special status that makes something admired

    Owning a bicycle from that famous brand carries a certain cachet among the boys.

    Like prestige, distinction, status

  • cacophonous adjective

    having a loud, harsh mixture of sounds

    The cacophonous traffic in Kathmandu made it hard to hear the guide.

    Like discordant, noisy, jarring

  • cacophony noun

    a loud, harsh, unpleasant mixture of sounds

    A cacophony of honking buses and barking dogs woke us before sunrise.

    Like din, racket, discord

  • cadaverous adjective

    extremely thin and pale, like a dead body

    After weeks of illness, he looked cadaverous, so his mother cooked his favorite meals every day.

    Like gaunt, haggard, skeletal

  • cadge verb

    to get something small, such as food or money, by asking for it without paying

    My cousin always cadges snacks from my lunch box.

    Like scrounge, beg, sponge

  • cajole verb

    to persuade someone gently by flattery or coaxing

    She cajoled her father into taking the family to the zoo on Saturday.

    Like coax, wheedle, persuade

  • callow adjective

    young and lacking experience of life

    The callow trainee guide did not know that the trail closes in the monsoon.

    Like inexperienced, immature, green

  • calumniate verb

    to make false statements to damage someone’s good name

    The rival team tried to calumniate the coach by spreading false stories about cheating.

    Like slander, defame, malign

  • calumny noun

    a false statement made to damage someone’s reputation

    The singer said the story about her missing the concert on purpose was pure calumny.

    Like slander, defamation, libel

  • canard noun

    a false rumor or story spread on purpose

    The story that the school would close for a month was a canard.

    Like hoax, falsehood, fabrication

  • cant noun

    insincere moral talk; the special language of a group

    The students were tired of the cant about hard work from adults who never worked hard.

    Like hypocrisy, jargon, humbug

  • cantankerous adjective

    bad-tempered and always ready to argue

    The cantankerous old goat refused to move off the narrow path.

    Like irritable, grumpy, quarrelsome

  • captious adjective

    eager to find small faults and raise petty objections

    The captious judge criticized every tiny wobble in the dancers’ steps.

    Like faultfinding, nitpicking, carping

  • carp verb

    to complain constantly about small, unimportant things

    My uncle carps about the weather no matter how sunny it is.

    Like grumble, nag, cavil

  • castigate verb

    to criticize or scold someone severely

    The coach castigated the players for skipping their warm-up exercises.

    Like reprimand, chastise, rebuke

  • cathartic adjective

    releasing strong emotions and leaving you feeling relieved

    Talking with a friend after the hard exam was cathartic for Sita.

    Like cleansing, purifying, releasing

  • catholic adjective

    including a wide variety of things; broad in tastes

    My grandfather has catholic tastes in music, from folk songs to jazz.

    Like broad, wide-ranging, eclectic

  • cavil verb

    to make small, unnecessary objections

    Instead of caviling about the color of the poster, let’s finish the project.

    Like quibble, nitpick, carp

  • celerity noun

    swiftness of movement or action

    The firefighters responded with remarkable celerity after the alarm rang.

    Like speed, swiftness, rapidity

  • censorious adjective

    severely critical of others

    The censorious neighbor complained about every child who played in the lane.

    Like critical, disapproving, judgmental

  • chafe verb

    to rub and make sore; to become annoyed by limits or rules

    The new boots chafed my heels on the long walk to Chandragiri.

    Like rub, abrade, irritate

  • chary adjective

    cautious and unwilling to take risks

    The farmer was chary of planting a new kind of seed he had never tried.

    Like wary, cautious, leery

  • chauvinistic adjective

    unreasonably believing that your own group, country or sex is better than others

    My uncle is chauvinistic about his village’s football team and never admits others play well.

    Like biased, partisan, jingoistic

  • chicanery noun

    the use of clever tricks to deceive people

    The magician admitted that his “mind reading” was pure chicanery.

    Like trickery, deception, duplicity

  • chimera noun

    an impossible dream or idea; a mythical monster made of different animals

    A perpetual motion machine is a chimera that inventors have chased for centuries.

    Like illusion, fantasy, delusion

  • chimerical adjective

    imaginary and impossible to achieve

    The plan to build a bridge across the whole valley in a week was chimerical.

    Like fanciful, illusory, unrealistic

  • choleric adjective

    easily angered and bad-tempered

    The choleric shopkeeper shouted whenever children leaned on his window.

    Like irascible, irritable, hot-tempered

  • churl noun

    a rude, mean-spirited person

    Only a churl would refuse to say thank you after such a generous gift.

    Like boor, lout, oaf

  • churlish adjective

    rude and unfriendly in a mean way

    It would be churlish to refuse your host’s offer of tea.

    Like rude, ungracious, surly

  • circumlocution noun

    the use of many words when a few would do, often to avoid saying something directly

    After much circumlocution, the student finally admitted he had lost the library book.

    Like wordiness, verbosity, evasion

  • circumscribe verb

    to limit or restrict something within boundaries

    The museum’s small budget circumscribed what new exhibits it could build.

    Like restrict, limit, confine

  • claque noun

    a group hired to clap for a performer; a group of eager flatterers

    The singer’s manager placed a claque in the audience to cheer after every song.

    Like cheering section

  • cleave verb

    to split something apart with force; to stick closely to something

    With one stroke of the axe, he cleaved the log in two.

    Like split, sever, hew

  • cloying adjective

    so sweet or sentimental that it becomes unpleasant

    The cake was so cloying that nobody could finish a second slice.

    Like sickly, saccharine, syrupy

  • coalesce verb

    to come together to form one mass or group

    Tiny water droplets coalesce to form the raindrops that fall from clouds.

    Like merge, unite, fuse

  • coda noun

    a final section that ends a piece of music, a story or an event

    The concert ended with a gentle coda played by a single flute.

    Like ending, conclusion, epilogue

  • coeval adjective

    of the same age or from the same period of time

    The two temples in Bhaktapur are coeval, both built in the seventeenth century.

    Like contemporary, contemporaneous

  • cogent adjective

    clear, logical and convincing

    She made a cogent argument for planting more trees around the school.

    Like convincing, compelling, persuasive

  • cogitate verb

    to think deeply and carefully about something

    He sat by the window cogitating over the hardest math problem.

    Like ponder, contemplate, deliberate

  • commiserate verb

    to express sympathy for someone’s trouble

    My friends commiserated with me after our team lost the final by one goal.

    Like sympathize, console, condole

  • commodious adjective

    having plenty of space; roomy

    The new science lab is commodious enough for forty students at once.

    Like spacious, roomy, capacious

  • compendium noun

    a book or collection that gathers the main facts about a subject in brief form

    The library has a compendium of Himalayan plants with pictures and notes.

    Like collection, compilation, digest

  • complaisant adjective

    eager to please and go along with others’ wishes

    The complaisant host agreed to every change his guests suggested.

    Like obliging, accommodating, compliant

  • comport verb

    to behave or conduct yourself in a certain way

    The students comported themselves well during the visit to the museum.

    Like behave, conduct, act

  • compunction noun

    a feeling of guilt that stops or follows doing something wrong

    He felt no compunction about eating the last momo, since he had paid for it.

    Like guilt, remorse, qualm

  • concatenate verb

    to link things together in a chain or series

    The program concatenates the first and last names into one line.

    Like link, chain, join

  • concomitant adjective

    happening together with something else, as part of it

    Moving to a big city brought concomitant changes in the family’s daily routine.

    Like accompanying, attendant, associated

  • condign adjective

    well deserved and fitting, especially of a punishment

    Being disqualified for cheating was a condign punishment for the team.

    Like deserved, merited, fitting

  • confute verb

    to prove a person or argument wrong

    The student confuted his friend’s claim by showing him the actual data.

    Like refute, disprove, rebut

  • congeal verb

    to become thick or solid, especially as it cools

    The leftover soup congealed into a jelly in the fridge overnight.

    Like thicken, solidify, coagulate

  • connive verb

    to secretly allow or plan something wrong

    The players connived with the timekeeper to end the game early while they were winning.

    Like conspire, collude, scheme

  • consanguinity noun

    relationship by blood, coming from the same ancestor

    Old village records showed the consanguinity of the two families.

    Like kinship, blood relationship

  • consecrate verb

    to officially make something holy or set it apart for a special purpose

    The priests consecrated the new temple with prayers and offerings.

    Like sanctify, bless, hallow

  • contemn verb

    to treat someone or something with contempt

    The proud artist contemned anyone who did not admire his paintings.

    Like scorn, disdain, despise

  • contiguous adjective

    sharing a border or touching

    Nepal has only two contiguous neighbors, India to the south and China to the north.

    Like adjacent, adjoining, bordering

  • contravene verb

    to break a law or rule, or go against it

    Parking in front of the fire station contravenes city rules.

    Like violate, breach, infringe

  • contrite adjective

    feeling sorry and guilty for having done wrong

    The contrite boy apologized to his neighbor for breaking the window with his ball.

    Like remorseful, repentant, penitent

  • contrivance noun

    a clever device or plan; something that seems artificial

    Her contrivance of string and pulleys lifted the bucket to the roof.

    Like device, gadget, scheme

  • contumacious adjective

    stubbornly refusing to obey authority

    The contumacious student ignored every warning from the principal and kept skipping class.

    Like defiant, insubordinate, rebellious

  • contumely noun

    rude, insulting language or treatment

    The young inventor met the contumely of his critics with calm patience.

    Like insolence, scorn, abuse

  • convalesce verb

    to recover health and strength after an illness

    After the flu, my brother convalesced at home for a week.

    Like recover, recuperate, heal

  • convivial adjective

    friendly, lively and enjoyable, especially of a gathering

    The convivial evening was full of music, food and laughter.

    Like sociable, festive, jovial

  • coruscate verb

    to sparkle or flash brightly

    Sunlight coruscated on the snow-covered peaks above Namche Bazaar.

    Like sparkle, glitter, shimmer

  • cosset verb

    to pamper and protect someone too much

    The grandparents cosset their only grandchild with sweets and gifts.

    Like pamper, coddle, indulge

  • coterie noun

    a small, close group of people with shared interests

    A coterie of stargazers meets on the rooftop every clear night.

    Like clique, circle, set

  • countenance verb

    to allow, accept or approve of something

    The principal would not countenance running in the corridors.

    Like tolerate, permit, condone

  • countermand verb

    to cancel an order that was given before

    The captain countermanded his earlier order and told the team to stay inside.

    Like cancel, revoke, rescind

  • countervail verb

    to balance or act against something with equal force

    The cool breeze countervailed the heat of the afternoon sun.

    Like offset, counteract, neutralize

  • crabbed adjective

    bad-tempered; (of writing) cramped and hard to read

    Nobody could read the doctor’s crabbed handwriting on the note.

    Like cramped, illegible, cranky

  • craven adjective

    lacking courage in a shameful way

    The craven knight hid in the castle while others defended the village.

    Like cowardly, spineless, timid

  • credulous adjective

    too ready to believe things, easily fooled

    The credulous tourist believed the shopkeeper’s story that the stone came from the moon.

    Like gullible, naive, trusting

  • crotchety adjective

    bad-tempered and easily annoyed, especially from age

    The crotchety old man shooed the pigeons away from his balcony.

    Like grumpy, cranky, irritable

  • cupidity noun

    strong greed for money or possessions

    His cupidity led him to charge tourists three times the normal price.

    Like greed, avarice, covetousness

  • curmudgeon noun

    a grumpy, bad-tempered person, often old

    Even the town curmudgeon smiled when the children sang at the festival.

    Like grouch, crank, grump

  • cursory adjective

    done quickly and without much attention to detail

    A cursory look at the essay showed it had no title.

    Like hasty, superficial, perfunctory

  • cynosure noun

    a person or thing that attracts everyone’s attention or admiration

    The giant telescope was the cynosure of the science fair.

    Like focus, centerpiece, highlight