Advanced English Words
For the GRE and graduate school: the hardest words of all. 990 words, A to Z.
77 words starting with C
cabal noun
a small secret group that plots to gain power or influence
In the novel, a cabal of greedy merchants plots to control all the salt trade in the city.
Like conspiracy, faction, ring
cachet noun
prestige or special status that makes something admired
Owning a bicycle from that famous brand carries a certain cachet among the boys.
Like prestige, distinction, status
cacophonous adjective
having a loud, harsh mixture of sounds
The cacophonous traffic in Kathmandu made it hard to hear the guide.
Like discordant, noisy, jarring
cacophony noun
a loud, harsh, unpleasant mixture of sounds
A cacophony of honking buses and barking dogs woke us before sunrise.
Like din, racket, discord
cadaverous adjective
extremely thin and pale, like a dead body
After weeks of illness, he looked cadaverous, so his mother cooked his favorite meals every day.
Like gaunt, haggard, skeletal
cadge verb
to get something small, such as food or money, by asking for it without paying
My cousin always cadges snacks from my lunch box.
Like scrounge, beg, sponge
cajole verb
to persuade someone gently by flattery or coaxing
She cajoled her father into taking the family to the zoo on Saturday.
Like coax, wheedle, persuade
callow adjective
young and lacking experience of life
The callow trainee guide did not know that the trail closes in the monsoon.
Like inexperienced, immature, green
calumniate verb
to make false statements to damage someone’s good name
The rival team tried to calumniate the coach by spreading false stories about cheating.
Like slander, defame, malign
calumny noun
a false statement made to damage someone’s reputation
The singer said the story about her missing the concert on purpose was pure calumny.
Like slander, defamation, libel
canard noun
a false rumor or story spread on purpose
The story that the school would close for a month was a canard.
Like hoax, falsehood, fabrication
cant noun
insincere moral talk; the special language of a group
The students were tired of the cant about hard work from adults who never worked hard.
Like hypocrisy, jargon, humbug
cantankerous adjective
bad-tempered and always ready to argue
The cantankerous old goat refused to move off the narrow path.
Like irritable, grumpy, quarrelsome
captious adjective
eager to find small faults and raise petty objections
The captious judge criticized every tiny wobble in the dancers’ steps.
Like faultfinding, nitpicking, carping
carp verb
to complain constantly about small, unimportant things
My uncle carps about the weather no matter how sunny it is.
Like grumble, nag, cavil
castigate verb
to criticize or scold someone severely
The coach castigated the players for skipping their warm-up exercises.
Like reprimand, chastise, rebuke
cathartic adjective
releasing strong emotions and leaving you feeling relieved
Talking with a friend after the hard exam was cathartic for Sita.
Like cleansing, purifying, releasing
catholic adjective
including a wide variety of things; broad in tastes
My grandfather has catholic tastes in music, from folk songs to jazz.
Like broad, wide-ranging, eclectic
cavil verb
to make small, unnecessary objections
Instead of caviling about the color of the poster, let’s finish the project.
Like quibble, nitpick, carp
celerity noun
swiftness of movement or action
The firefighters responded with remarkable celerity after the alarm rang.
Like speed, swiftness, rapidity
censorious adjective
severely critical of others
The censorious neighbor complained about every child who played in the lane.
Like critical, disapproving, judgmental
chafe verb
to rub and make sore; to become annoyed by limits or rules
The new boots chafed my heels on the long walk to Chandragiri.
Like rub, abrade, irritate
chary adjective
cautious and unwilling to take risks
The farmer was chary of planting a new kind of seed he had never tried.
Like wary, cautious, leery
chauvinistic adjective
unreasonably believing that your own group, country or sex is better than others
My uncle is chauvinistic about his village’s football team and never admits others play well.
Like biased, partisan, jingoistic
chicanery noun
the use of clever tricks to deceive people
The magician admitted that his “mind reading” was pure chicanery.
Like trickery, deception, duplicity
chimera noun
an impossible dream or idea; a mythical monster made of different animals
A perpetual motion machine is a chimera that inventors have chased for centuries.
Like illusion, fantasy, delusion
chimerical adjective
imaginary and impossible to achieve
The plan to build a bridge across the whole valley in a week was chimerical.
Like fanciful, illusory, unrealistic
choleric adjective
easily angered and bad-tempered
The choleric shopkeeper shouted whenever children leaned on his window.
Like irascible, irritable, hot-tempered
churl noun
a rude, mean-spirited person
Only a churl would refuse to say thank you after such a generous gift.
Like boor, lout, oaf
churlish adjective
rude and unfriendly in a mean way
It would be churlish to refuse your host’s offer of tea.
Like rude, ungracious, surly
circumlocution noun
the use of many words when a few would do, often to avoid saying something directly
After much circumlocution, the student finally admitted he had lost the library book.
Like wordiness, verbosity, evasion
circumscribe verb
to limit or restrict something within boundaries
The museum’s small budget circumscribed what new exhibits it could build.
Like restrict, limit, confine
claque noun
a group hired to clap for a performer; a group of eager flatterers
The singer’s manager placed a claque in the audience to cheer after every song.
Like cheering section
cleave verb
to split something apart with force; to stick closely to something
With one stroke of the axe, he cleaved the log in two.
Like split, sever, hew
cloying adjective
so sweet or sentimental that it becomes unpleasant
The cake was so cloying that nobody could finish a second slice.
Like sickly, saccharine, syrupy
coalesce verb
to come together to form one mass or group
Tiny water droplets coalesce to form the raindrops that fall from clouds.
Like merge, unite, fuse
coda noun
a final section that ends a piece of music, a story or an event
The concert ended with a gentle coda played by a single flute.
Like ending, conclusion, epilogue
coeval adjective
of the same age or from the same period of time
The two temples in Bhaktapur are coeval, both built in the seventeenth century.
Like contemporary, contemporaneous
cogent adjective
clear, logical and convincing
She made a cogent argument for planting more trees around the school.
Like convincing, compelling, persuasive
cogitate verb
to think deeply and carefully about something
He sat by the window cogitating over the hardest math problem.
Like ponder, contemplate, deliberate
commiserate verb
to express sympathy for someone’s trouble
My friends commiserated with me after our team lost the final by one goal.
Like sympathize, console, condole
commodious adjective
having plenty of space; roomy
The new science lab is commodious enough for forty students at once.
Like spacious, roomy, capacious
compendium noun
a book or collection that gathers the main facts about a subject in brief form
The library has a compendium of Himalayan plants with pictures and notes.
Like collection, compilation, digest
complaisant adjective
eager to please and go along with others’ wishes
The complaisant host agreed to every change his guests suggested.
Like obliging, accommodating, compliant
comport verb
to behave or conduct yourself in a certain way
The students comported themselves well during the visit to the museum.
Like behave, conduct, act
compunction noun
a feeling of guilt that stops or follows doing something wrong
He felt no compunction about eating the last momo, since he had paid for it.
Like guilt, remorse, qualm
concatenate verb
to link things together in a chain or series
The program concatenates the first and last names into one line.
Like link, chain, join
concomitant adjective
happening together with something else, as part of it
Moving to a big city brought concomitant changes in the family’s daily routine.
Like accompanying, attendant, associated
condign adjective
well deserved and fitting, especially of a punishment
Being disqualified for cheating was a condign punishment for the team.
Like deserved, merited, fitting
confute verb
to prove a person or argument wrong
The student confuted his friend’s claim by showing him the actual data.
Like refute, disprove, rebut
congeal verb
to become thick or solid, especially as it cools
The leftover soup congealed into a jelly in the fridge overnight.
Like thicken, solidify, coagulate
connive verb
to secretly allow or plan something wrong
The players connived with the timekeeper to end the game early while they were winning.
Like conspire, collude, scheme
consanguinity noun
relationship by blood, coming from the same ancestor
Old village records showed the consanguinity of the two families.
Like kinship, blood relationship
consecrate verb
to officially make something holy or set it apart for a special purpose
The priests consecrated the new temple with prayers and offerings.
Like sanctify, bless, hallow
contemn verb
to treat someone or something with contempt
The proud artist contemned anyone who did not admire his paintings.
Like scorn, disdain, despise
contiguous adjective
sharing a border or touching
Nepal has only two contiguous neighbors, India to the south and China to the north.
Like adjacent, adjoining, bordering
contravene verb
to break a law or rule, or go against it
Parking in front of the fire station contravenes city rules.
Like violate, breach, infringe
contrite adjective
feeling sorry and guilty for having done wrong
The contrite boy apologized to his neighbor for breaking the window with his ball.
Like remorseful, repentant, penitent
contrivance noun
a clever device or plan; something that seems artificial
Her contrivance of string and pulleys lifted the bucket to the roof.
Like device, gadget, scheme
contumacious adjective
stubbornly refusing to obey authority
The contumacious student ignored every warning from the principal and kept skipping class.
Like defiant, insubordinate, rebellious
contumely noun
rude, insulting language or treatment
The young inventor met the contumely of his critics with calm patience.
Like insolence, scorn, abuse
convalesce verb
to recover health and strength after an illness
After the flu, my brother convalesced at home for a week.
Like recover, recuperate, heal
convivial adjective
friendly, lively and enjoyable, especially of a gathering
The convivial evening was full of music, food and laughter.
Like sociable, festive, jovial
coruscate verb
to sparkle or flash brightly
Sunlight coruscated on the snow-covered peaks above Namche Bazaar.
Like sparkle, glitter, shimmer
cosset verb
to pamper and protect someone too much
The grandparents cosset their only grandchild with sweets and gifts.
Like pamper, coddle, indulge
coterie noun
a small, close group of people with shared interests
A coterie of stargazers meets on the rooftop every clear night.
Like clique, circle, set
countenance verb
to allow, accept or approve of something
The principal would not countenance running in the corridors.
Like tolerate, permit, condone
countermand verb
to cancel an order that was given before
The captain countermanded his earlier order and told the team to stay inside.
Like cancel, revoke, rescind
countervail verb
to balance or act against something with equal force
The cool breeze countervailed the heat of the afternoon sun.
Like offset, counteract, neutralize
crabbed adjective
bad-tempered; (of writing) cramped and hard to read
Nobody could read the doctor’s crabbed handwriting on the note.
Like cramped, illegible, cranky
craven adjective
lacking courage in a shameful way
The craven knight hid in the castle while others defended the village.
Like cowardly, spineless, timid
credulous adjective
too ready to believe things, easily fooled
The credulous tourist believed the shopkeeper’s story that the stone came from the moon.
Like gullible, naive, trusting
crotchety adjective
bad-tempered and easily annoyed, especially from age
The crotchety old man shooed the pigeons away from his balcony.
Like grumpy, cranky, irritable
cupidity noun
strong greed for money or possessions
His cupidity led him to charge tourists three times the normal price.
Like greed, avarice, covetousness
curmudgeon noun
a grumpy, bad-tempered person, often old
Even the town curmudgeon smiled when the children sang at the festival.
Like grouch, crank, grump
cursory adjective
done quickly and without much attention to detail
A cursory look at the essay showed it had no title.
Like hasty, superficial, perfunctory
cynosure noun
a person or thing that attracts everyone’s attention or admiration
The giant telescope was the cynosure of the science fair.
Like focus, centerpiece, highlight
