Exam practice

• Heading: says what the page is about; the biggest words, read first.
• Body text: the main writing, in sentences and paragraphs.
• Picture: shows what words can’t, or can’t as quickly.
• Caption: a short line under a picture saying what it shows.
• Credit: says who made a picture you used, and its license.
• Margins: empty space round the edge, which makes the page easier to read and keeps words from being cut off when printed.

• Contrast: the letters stand out clearly from the background, like dark letters on light paper.
• Size: the most important thing is the biggest, so it is read first; less important things are smaller.
• Alignment: things line up along the same edges, so the eye can move easily down the page.

• Contrast: change the pale green letters to a dark color, such as black or dark blue, on light paper.
• Size: make the most important line, “Parents’ meeting”, much bigger and bold; then the date, time and place a little smaller; the details smallest.
• Alignment: line everything up on the same edge (for example, all starting at the left margin), with the heading at the top.

I would also leave space between the groups of lines and use only one or two fonts.

Any four, such as:

1. One idea per slide.
2. Few words: a title and a few short lines, not full sentences.
3. Big text that can be read from the back of the room.
4. A picture instead of a paragraph wherever a picture can show it.
5. Good contrast, so the slide is still clear on a projector in a bright room.
6. Don’t read the slides out: say the rest yourself.

• Type it in Unicode (with a Romanized, Traditional or phone Nepali keyboard), never in Preeti.
• Use a font that has Devanagari, so the letters don’t show as boxes or change to another font.
• Make the text a little bigger, with more space between lines, so the marks above and below the letters don’t touch.
• Use one kind of digits (१२३ or 123) all through.
• Check the spelling in a dictionary if the app can’t check Nepali.
• Send it as a PDF, so it looks the same on every device.

Copyright is the right of the person who made something (a photo, song, story, drawing or program) to decide who may copy it, share it, change it or sell it.
In Nepal, as in almost every country, copyright starts by itself as soon as the work is made. The maker doesn’t need to register it or put a © sign on it. So the photo belongs to whoever took it, and you need their permission, or a license, to use it.

Credit (attribution) is saying who made the work. Permission is the owner’s agreement that you may use it, given directly or through a license.
Credit alone doesn’t make a use allowed: writing the photographer’s name under a photo you had no right to use is still breaking their copyright. And permission alone usually isn’t enough either: most licenses, such as every Creative Commons license except CC0, ask for credit as their condition, and giving credit is also honest, since it shows which work isn’t yours.

Any three, such as:

• Fairness: makers (photographers, musicians, writers, programmers) earn their living from their work; if everyone copied it freely, they couldn’t, and less would be made.
• Honesty: credit shows which work is yours and which is someone else’s; passing others’ work off as yours is plagiarism.
• Helping readers: a credit with a link lets them find the original and check it.
• Respect: you would want your own work credited and used only as you allow.
• The law: using work without permission can lead to it being taken down, a fine or a court case.

• BY (Attribution): give credit.
• SA (ShareAlike): share what you make from it under the same license.
• NC (NonCommercial): don’t use it to make money.
• ND (NoDerivatives): don’t share changed versions.

Under CC BY-SA you may change the drawing and share it. You must give credit to the original maker (with the license), and share your changed version under CC BY-SA too.

Credit: “Phewa Lake at sunrise”, photo: Ram Gurung, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. (On a screen, the title links to the picture’s page and “CC BY 4.0” to the license.)
Yes, the hotel may use it: CC BY has no NC condition, so even a use that helps a business make money is allowed, as long as the credit is given.