← English Grammar

Word forms

Easy · TOEFL style

The rules
  • Use a noun after a, the, my or an adjective: The team made a quick decision.
  • Use an adjective before a noun or after be, seem and become: She was successful in her exams.
  • Use an adverb, often ending in -ly, to describe a verb, an adjective or another adverb: He explained it clearly, and the result was surprisingly good.
  • Endings like -ness, -ity, -ment and -tion make nouns: kind becomes kindness, scarce becomes scarcity, achieve becomes achievement, and invent becomes invention.
  • Words like scientist, economist and photographer name people, while science, economy and photography name the subject: An economist studies the economy.
  • An -ing adjective describes what causes a feeling, and an -ed adjective describes how someone feels: The trip was tiring, so we were tired.

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