← English Grammar

Gerunds, infinitives and participles

Easy · TOEFL style

The rules
  • Some verbs are followed by the -ing form, such as enjoy, finish, avoid, mind and suggest: She enjoys reading.
  • Other verbs are followed by to + verb, such as want, decide, hope, manage and refuse: We decided to leave early.
  • After a preposition, a verb takes the -ing form: Thank you for helping me.
  • Used to + verb is a past habit, but be used to + -ing means being familiar with something: I used to walk to school, so I am used to walking.
  • An -ing adjective describes what causes a feeling, and an -ed adjective describes the person who feels it: The film was boring, so we were bored.
  • Make and let take a plain verb with no to: The teacher let us leave early.
  • Have something done means someone else does it for you: I had my bicycle repaired.

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