The rules
- Two complete sentences need a period or a semicolon between them, not just a comma: The river rose; the bridge closed.
- A comma can join two complete sentences only with a word like and, but, so, or yet: The river rose, so the bridge closed.
- When however or therefore joins two complete sentences, put a semicolon before it and a comma after it: The river rose; however, the bridge stayed open.
- A colon or a dash after a complete sentence can introduce an explanation: The bridge closed for one reason: the river rose.
- A clause that starts with because, although, when, or which can’t stand alone as a sentence: The bridge closed because the river rose.
- Every sentence needs a subject and a main verb, or it’s a fragment: The engineer, who had studied rivers for years, closed the bridge.
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