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← English Grammar

Affirmative and negative

Easy · TOEFL style

The rules
  • To make a sentence negative, put not after the first helping verb: She can swim → She cannot swim.
  • With no helping verb, add do, does or did + not and use the plain verb: He likes tea → He does not like tea. The tense is shown once, in do, does or did.
  • Change the partner words: some → any, already → not … yet, too → either, somebody → nobody.
  • A negative order starts with Don’t; Let’s becomes Let’s not.
  • Must (you have to) becomes need not (you don’t have to). Must not means something is forbidden.
  • Some negatives keep the meaning, or nearly: only → none but (a person) or nothing but (a thing), sometimes → not always, a little → not much, a few → not many.
  • Words like nobody, nothing, never, hardly and neither already carry the not: don’t add another (Nobody came, not Nobody didn’t come).

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