Science and Math in Nepali

The Nepali words for science and math, the way Nepal’s school textbooks use them: वर्ग for a square, घनत्व for density, गुरुत्वाकर्षण for gravitation. Where everyone says the English word, like कम्प्युटर, Nepali’s own word is given too: सङ्गणक.

Quiz Test yourself: pick the right word, English to Nepali or back. Flash cards Learn the words: turn each card over, keep the ones you know.

Words up to

All 1312 words.

Math गणित

Numbers and arithmetic सङ्ख्या र अङ्कगणित

गणित

ganit

mathematics

Gr 1
जोड

jod

addition

Gr 1
योगफल

yogaphal

sum

literally “fruit of adding”

Gr 1
घटाउ

ghatau

subtraction

Gr 1
फरक

pharak

difference

also अन्तर, antar

Gr 1
गुणन

gunan

multiplication

Gr 2
गुणनफल

gunanphal

product

literally “fruit of multiplying”

Gr 2
भाग

bhag

division

literally “share”

Gr 1
भाज्य

bhajya

dividend

literally “to be divided”

Gr 3
भाजक

bhajak

divisor

literally “the divider”

Gr 3
भागफल

bhagaphal

quotient

literally “fruit of dividing”

Gr 2
शेष

shesh

remainder

literally “what is left”

Gr 3
भाज्यता

bhajyata

divisibility

Gr 6
सरलीकरण

saralikaran

simplification

literally “making simple”

Gr 1
सङ्ख्या

sankhya

number

Gr 1
शून्य

shunya

zero

literally “empty”

Gr 1
बिजोर सङ्ख्या

bijor sankhya

odd number

literally “not a pair”

Gr 1
जोर सङ्ख्या

jor sankhya

even number

literally “pair”

Gr 1
ढाँचा

dhancha

pattern

Gr 1
अङ्क

anka

digit

Gr 1
स्थानमान

sthanaman

place value

literally “place value”

Gr 1
देखिने मान

dekhine man

face value

literally “the value you see”

Gr 4
भिन्न

bhinna

fraction

literally “broken”

Gr 2
अंश

ansha

numerator

literally “part”

Gr 3
हर

har

denominator

Gr 3
मुद्रा

mudra

currency

Gr 2
अनुमान

anuman

estimate

literally “guess”

Gr 2
विस्तारित रूप

bistarit rup

expanded form

literally “spread-out form”

Gr 2
सङ्ख्यारेखा

sankhyarekha

number line

Gr 2
वर्ग

barga

square (of a number)

Gr 2
वर्गमूल

bargamul

square root

literally “root of the square”

Gr 6
घन

ghan

cube (of a number)

Gr 4
घनमूल

ghanamul

cube root

literally “root of the cube”

Gr 7
नाफा

napha

profit

Gr 2
नोक्सान

noksan

loss

Gr 5
अनन्त

anant

infinity

literally “without end”

Gr 3
दशमलव

dashamalab

decimal

literally “tenth part”

Gr 4
दशमलव बिन्दु

dashamalab bindu

decimal point

Gr 6
सयांश

sayamsha

hundredths

literally “hundredth parts”

Gr 4
प्रतिशत

pratishat

percentage

literally “per hundred”

Gr 4
अनुपात

anupat

ratio

Gr 4
समानुपात

samanupat

proportion

literally “equal ratio”

Gr 7
समानुपातिक

samanupatik

directly proportional

Gr 7
व्युत्क्रमानुपातिक

byutkramanupatik

inversely proportional

Gr 9
सङ्ख्या पद्धति

sankhya paddhati

number system

Gr 4
शून्यान्त

shunyanta

rounding off

literally “ending in zero”

Gr 4
क्रय मूल्य

kraya mulya

cost price

literally “buying price”

Gr 6
विक्रय मूल्य

bikraya mulya

selling price

Gr 6
अङ्कित मूल्य

ankit mulya

marked price

literally “written price”

Gr 8
छुट

chhut

discount

Gr 4
प्राकृतिक सङ्ख्या

prakritik sankhya

natural number

Gr 6
पूर्ण सङ्ख्या

purna sankhya

whole number

literally “complete number”

Gr 4
पूर्णाङ्क

purnanka

integer

literally “whole number”

Gr 4
आनुपातिक सङ्ख्या

anupatik sankhya

rational number

literally “ratio number”: it can be written as one whole number over another

Gr 7
अनानुपातिक सङ्ख्या

ananupatik sankhya

irrational number

literally “not a ratio number”

Gr 8
वास्तविक सङ्ख्या

bastabik sankhya

real number

Gr 8
ब्याज

byaj

interest

Gr 4
मूलधन

muldhan

principal

literally “root money”

Gr 8
मिश्रधन

mishradhan

amount (principal + interest)

literally “mixed money”

Gr 8
साधारण ब्याज

sadharan byaj

simple interest

Gr 8
चक्रीय ब्याज

chakriya byaj

compound interest

literally “wheeling interest”: it goes round and round

Gr 10
धनात्मक

dhanatmak

positive

from धन, “wealth” or “plus”

Gr 4
ऋणात्मक

rinatmak

negative

from ऋण, “debt” or “minus”

Gr 5
औसत

ausat

average

Gr 4
पूर्वाह्न

purwahna

a.m.

literally “before midday”

Gr 5
अपराह्न

aparahna

p.m.

literally “after midday”

Gr 5
अधिकतम

adhikatam

maximum

literally “most”

Gr 5
न्यूनतम

nyunatam

minimum

literally “least”

Gr 6
रूढ सङ्ख्या

rudha sankhya

prime number

literally “fixed number”: it can’t be broken down

Gr 5
संयुक्त सङ्ख्या

sanyukta sankhya

composite number

literally “joined number”

Gr 5
अनुक्रम

anukram

sequence

literally “one after another”

Gr 9
श्रेणी

shreni

series

literally “row”

Gr 5
गुणोत्तर श्रेणी

gunottar shreni

geometric series

literally “multiplying row”

Gr 10
ऐकिक नियम

aikik niyam

unitary method

literally “the rule of one”

Gr 6
घाताङ्क

ghatanka

exponent, power

Gr 6
आधार

adhar

base (of a power)

literally “foundation”

Gr 7
गुणनखण्ड

gunankhanda

factor

literally “piece of a product”

Gr 6
अपवर्त्य

apabartya

multiple

Gr 6
खण्डीकरण

khandikaran

factorisation

literally “breaking into pieces”

Gr 6
रूढ खण्डीकरण

rudha khandikaran

prime factorisation

Gr 6
महत्तम समापवर्तक

mahattam samapabartak

highest common factor (HCF)

literally “greatest common divider”

Gr 6
लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य

laghuttam samapabartya

lowest common multiple (LCM)

literally “smallest common multiple”

Gr 6
अङ्कगणित

ankaganit

arithmetic

literally “number counting”

Gr 6
व्युत्क्रम

byutkram

reciprocal

literally “reverse order”

Gr 6
ह्रास

hras

depreciation

literally “wearing down”

Gr 6
निरपेक्ष मान

nirapeksha man

absolute value

literally “value that depends on nothing”

Gr 7
विनिमय दर

binimay dar

exchange rate

Gr 7
कर

kar

tax

Gr 8
आयकर

aykar

income tax

Gr 8
मूल्य अभिवृद्धि कर

mulya abhibriddhi kar

value added tax (VAT)

Gr 9
लाभांश

labhamsha

dividend (from shares)

literally “share of the profit”

Gr 9

Algebra, sets and graphs बीजगणित

लेखाचित्र

lekhachitra

graph

literally “written picture”

Gr 3
बीजगणित

bijaganit

algebra

literally “seed counting”: the letters are seeds that grow into numbers

Gr 4
भेनचित्र

bhenchitra

Venn diagram

Gr 4
अचल राशि

achal rashi

constant

literally “unmoving quantity”

Gr 4
चल राशि

chal rashi

variable

literally “moving quantity”

Gr 5
पद

pad

term

literally “step”

Gr 4
गुणाङ्क

gunanka

coefficient

Gr 5
एकपदीय

ekpadiya

monomial

literally “one term”

Gr 5
द्विपदीय

dwipadiya

binomial

literally “two terms”

Gr 5
त्रिपदीय

tripadiya

trinomial

literally “three terms”

Gr 5
बहुपदीय

bahupadiya

polynomial

literally “many terms”

Gr 8
बीजीय अभिव्यञ्जक

bijiya abhibyanjak

algebraic expression

Gr 5
समीकरण

samikaran

equation

literally “making equal”

Gr 5
हल

hal

solution

Gr 5
रेखीय समीकरण

rekhiya samikaran

linear equation

literally “line equation”

Gr 7
वर्ग समीकरण

barga samikaran

quadratic equation

literally “square equation”

Gr 8
युगपत् रेखीय समीकरण

yugapat rekhiya samikaran

simultaneous linear equations

literally “at the same time”

Gr 9
प्रतिस्थापन विधि

pratisthapan bidhi

substitution method

literally “putting in place of”

Gr 9
संयोजन

sanyojan

union (of sets)

literally “joining”

Gr 7
प्रतिच्छेदन

pratichchhedan

intersection

literally “crossing”

Gr 5
सूत्र

sutra

formula

literally “thread”

Gr 5
असमानता

asamanata

inequality

literally “not equal”

Gr 5
समूह

samuha

set

literally “group”

Gr 6
सदस्य

sadasya

member (of a set)

Gr 6
उपसमूह

upasamuha

subset

literally “sub-group”

Gr 5
खाली समूह

khali samuha

empty set

literally “empty group”

Gr 7
सर्वव्यापक समूह

sarbabyapak samuha

universal set

literally “all-covering group”

Gr 7
पूरक समूह

purak samuha

complement (of a set)

literally “filling-up group”

Gr 9
अलग्गिएका समूह

alaggiyeka samuha

disjoint sets

literally “groups kept apart”

Gr 8
अक्ष

aksha

axis

Gr 5
उद्गम बिन्दु

udgam bindu

origin

literally “source point”

Gr 6
निर्देशाङ्क

nirdeshanka

coordinates

literally “direction numbers”

Gr 6
क्रमजोडा

kramjoda

ordered pair

literally “pair in order”

Gr 7
सानो कोष्ठ

sano koshtha

brackets, parentheses

literally “small enclosure”

Gr 6
गणितीय वाक्य

ganitiya bakya

mathematical statement

Gr 6
खुला वाक्य

khula bakya

open statement

Gr 6
अन्तराल

antaral

interval

literally “gap”

Gr 7
बन्द अन्तराल

banda antaral

closed interval

Gr 9
खुला अन्तराल

khula antaral

open interval

Gr 9
आवधिक

abadhik

periodic

literally “repeating after a time”

Gr 8
सम्बन्ध

sambandha

relation

Gr 9
फलन

phalan

function

Gr 9
क्षेत्र

kshetra

domain

literally “field”

Gr 9
सहक्षेत्र

sahakshetra

co-domain

Gr 9
पूर्वप्रतिबिम्ब

purbapratibimba

pre-image

literally “the shape before”

Gr 9
मिलानचित्र

milanchitra

arrow diagram

literally “matching picture”

Gr 9
सीमान्तमान

simantaman

limit

literally “boundary value”

Gr 9
गणनात्मकता

gananatmakata

cardinality

literally “how many it counts”

Gr 9
झुकाव

jhukaw

slope

literally “tilt”

Gr 9
सर्वसमिका

sarbasamika

identity

literally “equal for all”

Gr 9
अचर राशि

achar rashi

proportionality constant

Gr 9
अपरिभाषित

aparibhashit

undefined

Gr 9
निरन्तरता

nirantarata

continuity

Gr 10
विच्छिन्न

bichchhinna

discontinuous

literally “broken off”

Gr 10

Shapes and geometry ज्यामिति

वृत्त

britta

circle

Gr 1
केन्द्र

kendra

centre

Gr 1
अर्धव्यास

ardhabyas

radius

literally “half diameter”

Gr 6
व्यास

byas

diameter

Gr 6
परिधि

paridhi

circumference

literally “going around”

Gr 6
रेखा

rekha

line

Gr 1
सिधारेखा

sidharekha

straight line

Gr 3
रेखाखण्ड

rekhakhanda

line segment

literally “piece of a line”

Gr 2
किरण

kiran

ray

the same word as a ray of light

Gr 5
सतह

satah

face

literally “surface”

Gr 1
किनारा

kinara

edge

Gr 1
शीर्षबिन्दु

shirshabindu

vertex

literally “top point”

Gr 3
त्रिभुज

tribhuj

triangle

literally “three arms”

Gr 1
समकोणी त्रिभुज

samakoni tribhuj

right-angled triangle

Gr 3
कर्ण

karna

hypotenuse

also “ear”

Gr 7
समबाहु त्रिभुज

samabahu tribhuj

equilateral triangle

literally “equal arms”

Gr 6
समद्विबाहु त्रिभुज

samadwibahu tribhuj

isosceles triangle

literally “two equal arms”

Gr 6
विषमबाहु त्रिभुज

bishamabahu tribhuj

scalene triangle

literally “unequal arms”

Gr 6
चतुर्भुज

chaturbhuj

quadrilateral

literally “four arms”

Gr 1
वर्ग

barga

square

Gr 2
आयत

ayat

rectangle

literally “stretched”

Gr 3
समानान्तर चतुर्भुज

samanantar chaturbhuj

parallelogram

Gr 6
समबाहु चतुर्भुज

samabahu chaturbhuj

rhombus

literally “four equal arms”

Gr 6
समलम्ब चतुर्भुज

samalamba chaturbhuj

trapezium

Gr 6
बिन्दु

bindu

also विन्दु

point

literally “dot”

Gr 1
उचाइ

uchai

height

Gr 1
भुजा

bhuja

side

literally “arm”

Gr 2
ठोस वस्तु

thos bastu

solid (shape)

Gr 2
बेलना

belana

cylinder

also a rolling pin

Gr 2
कोण

kon

angle

literally “corner”

Gr 3
समकोण

samakon

right angle

literally “even angle”

Gr 3
न्यूनकोण

nyunakon

acute angle

literally “less angle”

Gr 5
अधिककोण

adhikakon

obtuse angle

literally “more angle”

Gr 5
सिधा कोण

sidha kon

straight angle

Gr 6
बृहत्कोण

brihatkon

reflex angle

literally “big angle”

Gr 6
रचना

rachana

construction

literally “making”

Gr 3
ज्यामिति

jyamiti

geometry

literally “earth measuring”

Gr 3
साध्य

sadhya

theorem

literally “to be proved”

Gr 7
प्रमाण

praman

proof

Gr 3
बहुभुज

bahubhuj

polygon

literally “many arms”

Gr 8
नियमित बहुभुज

niyamit bahubhuj

regular polygon

Gr 8
पञ्चभुज

panchabhuj

pentagon

literally “five arms”

Gr 4
षड्भुज

shadbhuj

hexagon

literally “six arms”

Gr 8
अष्टभुज

ashtabhuj

octagon

literally “eight arms”

Gr 4
वर्गाङ्कित कागज

bargankit kagaj

graph paper

literally “squared paper”

Gr 4
घन

ghan

cube

Gr 4
षड्मुखा

shadmukha

cuboid

literally “six-faced”

Gr 4
समतल

samatal

plane

literally “level surface”

Gr 4
चाप

chap

arc

literally “bow”

Gr 4
जीवा

jiwa

chord

literally “bowstring”

Gr 6
अर्धवृत्त

ardhabritta

semicircle

literally “half circle”

Gr 6
क्षेत्रक

kshetrak

sector (of a circle)

Gr 6
वृत्तखण्ड

brittakhanda

segment (of a circle)

literally “piece of a circle”

Gr 9
समानान्तर रेखा

samanantar rekha

parallel lines

literally “equal gap lines”

Gr 5
लम्ब

lamba

perpendicular

literally “hanging down”

Gr 5
सोली

soli

cone

Gr 5
स्थानान्तरण

sthanantaran

transformation

literally “moving place”

Gr 6
परावर्तन

parabartan

reflection

literally “turning back”, as in a mirror

Gr 5
परिक्रमण

parikraman

rotation

literally “going around”

Gr 5
स्थानान्तरण

sthanantaran

translation

literally “moving to another place”

Gr 6
विस्तारीकरण

bistarikaran

enlargement

literally “making bigger”

Gr 9
दीर्घवृत्त

dirghabritta

ellipse

literally “long circle”

Gr 7
दीर्घवृत्ताकार

dirghabrittakar

elliptical

Gr 5
सममिति

samamiti

symmetry

literally “equal measure”

Gr 6
मध्यबिन्दु

madhyabindu

midpoint

Gr 6
लम्बार्धक

lambardhak

perpendicular bisector

literally “perpendicular halver”

Gr 6
गोला

gola

sphere

literally “ball”

Gr 6
अर्धगोला

ardhagola

hemisphere

literally “half ball”

Gr 9
विकर्ण

bikarna

diagonal

Gr 7
आसन्न कोण

asanna kon

adjacent angles

literally “neighbouring angles”

Gr 7
शीर्षाभिमुख कोण

shirshabhimukh kon

vertically opposite angles

literally “facing at the top”

Gr 7
समपूरक कोण

samapurak kon

complementary angles

literally “filling-up angles”

Gr 7
परिपूरक कोण

paripurak kon

supplementary angles

Gr 7
प्रोट्याक्टर

protyaktar

protractor

Nepali’s own word: चाँदा chanda

Gr 7
आधार

adhar

base

Gr 7
समरूप

samarup

similar

literally “like form”

Gr 8
अनुरूप

anurup

congruent

literally “same form”

Gr 8
छेदक

chhedak

transversal

literally “the cutter”

Gr 8
एकान्तर कोण

ekantar kon

alternate angles

Gr 8
सङ्गत कोण

sangat kon

corresponding angles

literally “matching angles”

Gr 8
त्रिआयामिक

triayamik

three-dimensional

Gr 8
बिन्दुपथ

bindupath

locus

literally “path of a point”

Gr 9
स्पर्शरेखा

sparsharekha

tangent

literally “touching line”

Gr 9

Measurement and trigonometry नापजाँच र त्रिकोणमिति

लम्बाइ

lambai

length

Gr 1
चौडाइ

chaudai

breadth, width

Gr 1
मोटाइ

motai

thickness

Gr 4
गहिराइ

gahirai

depth

Gr 6
परिमिति

parimiti

perimeter

literally “measure around”

Gr 4
क्षेत्रफल

kshetraphal

area

literally “fruit of the field”

Gr 2
सतहको क्षेत्रफल

satahko kshetraphal

surface area

Gr 2
मापन

mapan

measurement

Gr 2
दूरी

duri

also दुरी

distance

Gr 3
आयतन

ayatan

volume

Gr 4
क्षमता

kshamata

capacity

Gr 4
एकाइ

ekai

unit

literally “one”

Gr 5
क्षेत्रमिति

kshetramiti

mensuration

literally “measuring fields”

Gr 6
त्रिकोणमिति

trikonamiti

trigonometry

literally “measuring three corners”

Gr 9
उचाइ र दूरी

uchai ra duri

height and distance

Gr 10
उन्नतांश कोण

unnatamsha kon

angle of elevation

literally “raised angle”

Gr 10
अवनति कोण

abanati kon

angle of depression

literally “lowered angle”

Gr 10

Statistics and probability तथ्याङ्कशास्त्र र सम्भाव्यता

रेखाचित्र

rekhachitra

line graph

literally “line picture”

Gr 1
स्तम्भ चित्र

stambha chitra

bar graph

literally “pillar picture”

Gr 3
बहुस्तम्भ चित्र

bahustambha chitra

multiple bar diagram

Gr 7
वृत्तचित्र

brittachitra

pie chart

literally “circle picture”

Gr 8
तालिका

talika

table

Gr 1
तालिकीकरण

talikikaran

tabulation

literally “putting in a table”

Gr 5
घटना

ghatana

event

Gr 3
परिणाम

parinam

outcome

literally “result”

Gr 5
सम्भाव्यता

sambhabyata

probability

literally “how possible”

Gr 9
वृक्षचित्र

brikshachitra

tree diagram

literally “tree picture”

Gr 6
बारम्बारता

barambarata

frequency

from बारम्बार, “again and again”

Gr 4
बारम्बारता तालिका

barambarata talika

frequency table

Gr 6
सञ्चित बारम्बारता

sanchit barambarata

cumulative frequency

literally “saved-up frequency”

Gr 7
सञ्चित बारम्बारता वक्र

sanchit barambarata bakra

ogive

literally “saved-up frequency curve”

Gr 9
तथ्याङ्क

tathyanka

data

literally “fact numbers”

Gr 4
मध्यक

madhyak

mean

literally “middle one”

Gr 8
मध्यिका

madhyika

median

Gr 8
रीत

rit

mode

literally “custom”: the usual one

Gr 5
चतुर्थांश

chaturthamsha

quartile

literally “quarter part”

Gr 6
शतांशक

shatamshak

percentile

literally “hundredth part”

Gr 9
चतुर्थांशीय विचलन

chaturthamshiya bichalan

quartile deviation

Gr 9
मध्यक भिन्नता

madhyak bhinnata

mean deviation

Gr 9
तथ्याङ्कशास्त्र

tathyankashastra

statistics

literally “the study of facts in numbers”

Gr 6
मिलान चिह्न

milan chihna

tally marks

literally “matching marks”

Gr 6
विस्तारक्षेत्र

bistarkshetra

range (of a function)

literally “spread field”

Gr 9
वर्गान्तर

bargantar

class interval

Gr 9

Science विज्ञान

General science

Doing science वैज्ञानिक विधि

विज्ञान

bigyan

science

literally “special knowledge”

Gr 1
प्रविधि

prabidhi

technology

literally “method”

Gr 1
अवलोकन

abalokan

observation

literally “looking at”

Gr 1
नियम

niyam

law

literally “rule”

Gr 1
चिम्टा

chimta

forceps

Gr 1
सावधानी

sabdhani

precautions

Gr 1
सिद्धान्त

siddhanta

theory

Gr 2
सोधखोज

sodhkhoj

inquiry

literally “asking and searching”

Gr 2
नतिजा

natija

result

Gr 2
निष्कर्ष

nishkarsha

conclusion

Gr 2
वैज्ञानिक

baigyanik

scientist

Gr 4
जीवशास्त्री

jiwashastri

biologist

Gr 9
भौतिकशास्त्री

bhautikshastri

physicist

Gr 9
रसायनशास्त्री

rasayanshastri

chemist

Gr 9
भूगर्भविद्

bhugarbhabid

geologist

literally “knower of the earth’s inside”

Gr 9
वनस्पतिविज्ञ

banaspatibigya

botanist

Gr 9
अनुसन्धान

anusandhan

research

literally “searching after”

Gr 4
खोज

khoj

discovery

literally “search, find”

Gr 4
आविष्कार

abishkar

invention

Gr 4
प्रयोगशाला

prayogshala

laboratory

literally “house of experiments”

Gr 4
भौतिक परिमाण

bhautik pariman

physical quantity

Gr 4
परीक्षण नली

parikshan nali

test tube

literally “testing tube”

Gr 4
माइक्रोस्कोप

maikroskop

microscope

Nepali’s own word: सूक्ष्मदर्शक यन्त्र sukshmadarshak yantra, literally “tiny-seeing machine”

Gr 5
स्प्रिङ ब्यालेन्स

spring byalens

spring balance

Nepali’s own word: कमानी तराजु kamani taraju, literally “spring scales”

Gr 5
प्रयोग

prayog

experiment

literally “use, trial”

Gr 5
वैज्ञानिक प्रक्रियागत सिप

baigyanik prakriyagat sip

scientific process skills

Gr 6
विश्वसनीयता

bishwasaniyata

reliability

literally “trustworthiness”

Gr 6
नमुना

namuna

model

Gr 6
सर्वेक्षण

sarbekshan

survey

literally “looking at all”

Gr 7
प्रश्नावली

prashnawali

questionnaire

literally “row of questions”

Gr 8
आधारभूत एकाइ

adharbhut ekai

fundamental unit

literally “basic unit”

Gr 7
तत्जन्य एकाइ

tatjanya ekai

derived unit

literally “unit born from those”

Gr 9
मात्रा

matra

quantity

Gr 7
दर

dar

rate

Gr 7
परिकल्पना

parikalpana

hypothesis

literally “imagining ahead”

Gr 8
वैज्ञानिक अभिवृत्ति

baigyanik abhibritti

scientific attitude

Gr 9
वैज्ञानिक विधि

baigyanik bidhi

scientific method

Gr 9
वैज्ञानिक सङ्केतन

baigyanik sanketan

scientific notation

Gr 9
न्यूनतम नाप

nyuntam nap

least count

literally “smallest measure”

Gr 9
स्वतन्त्र चर

swatantra char

independent variable

literally “free variable”

Gr 10
आश्रित चर

ashrit char

dependent variable

literally “leaning variable”

Gr 10
नियन्त्रित चर

niyantrit char

controlled variable

Gr 10
शुद्धता

shuddhata

accuracy

literally “correctness”

Gr 10
दूरबिन

durbin

telescope, binoculars

literally “far-seeing”

Gr 10

Everyday technology प्रविधि

कम्प्युटर

kampyutar

computer

Nepali’s own word: सङ्गणक sanganak, literally “the counter”

Gr 1
टेलिभिजन

telibhijan

television

Nepali’s own word: दूरदर्शन durdarshan, literally “far seeing”

Gr 1
टेलिफोन

teliphon

telephone

Nepali’s own word: दूरभाष durbhash, literally “far speech”

Gr 1
इन्टरनेट

intarnet

internet

Nepali’s own word: अन्तर्जाल antarjal, literally “inter-net”

Gr 3
सञ्जाल

sanjal

network

literally “net”

Gr 4
आगो निभाउने यन्त्र

ago nibhaune yantra

fire extinguisher

literally “fire-putting-out machine”

Gr 4
रोबोट

robot

robot

Nepali’s own word: यन्त्रमानव yantramanab, literally “machine person”

Gr 5
पनडुब्बी

panadubbi

submarine

literally “goes under water”

Gr 6
ताररहित

tarrahit

wireless

literally “without wires”

Gr 7
कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता

kritrim buddhimatta

artificial intelligence

literally “made cleverness”

Gr 8
खाद्य संरक्षण

khadya sanrakshan

food preservation

literally “keeping food safe”

Gr 8
हरितगृह

haritgriha

greenhouse

literally “green house”

Gr 8
दूरसञ्चार

dursanchar

telecommunication

literally “far communication”

Gr 9
गोबर ग्यास

gobar gyas

biogas

literally “dung gas”

Gr 9

Physics

Force and motion बल र चाल

बल

bal

force

literally “strength”

Gr 1
तौल

taul

weight

Gr 2
वास्तविक तौल

bastabik taul

real weight

Gr 10
अवास्तविक तौल

abastabik taul

apparent weight

literally “unreal weight”

Gr 10
तौल विहीनता

taul bihinata

weightlessness

literally “being without weight”

Gr 10
सन्तुलन

santulan

equilibrium, balance

Gr 2
पिण्ड

pinda

mass

literally “lump”

Gr 4
वेग

beg

speed

Gr 4
गति

gati

velocity

speed in a given direction

Gr 7
कण

kan

particle

literally “grain”

Gr 4
चाप

chap

pressure

literally “pressing”

Gr 4
तरल पदार्थको चाप

taral padarthako chap

liquid pressure

Gr 8
वायुमण्डलीय चाप

bayumandaliya chap

atmospheric pressure

Gr 8
चापको प्रसारण

chapko prasaran

transmission of pressure

Gr 10
घर्षण

gharshan

friction

literally “rubbing”

Gr 4
आकर्षण

akarshan

attraction

literally “pulling towards”

Gr 4
विकर्षण

bikarshan

repulsion

literally “pulling apart”

Gr 4
कम्पन

kampan

vibration

literally “shaking”

Gr 4
भौतिक तराजु

bhautik taraju

beam balance

literally “physical scales”

Gr 5
औसत गति

ausat gati

average velocity

Gr 5
घनत्व

ghanatwa

density

literally “denseness”

Gr 5
सापेक्षिक घनत्व

sapekshik ghanatwa

relative density

Gr 7
चाल

chal

motion

Gr 5
विश्राम

bishram

rest (state of)

Gr 8
सिधारेखीय चाल

sidharekhiya chal

linear motion

literally “straight-line motion”

Gr 6
वक्ररेखीय चाल

bakrarekhiya chal

curvilinear motion

literally “curved-line motion”

Gr 6
स्थानान्तरण

sthanantaran

also विस्थापनbisthapan

displacement

literally “moving to another place”

Gr 6
समान गति

saman gati

uniform velocity

Gr 6
असमान गति

asaman gati

non-uniform velocity

Gr 9
गुरुत्वाकर्षण

gurutwakarshan

gravitation

literally “pull of heaviness”

Gr 6
गुरुत्व

gurutwa

gravity

literally “heaviness”

Gr 7
गुरुत्व प्रवेग

gurutwa prabeg

acceleration due to gravity

Gr 7
गुरुत्व क्षेत्र

gurutwa kshetra

gravitational field

Gr 8
आकर्षण बल

akarshan bal

force of attraction

Gr 7
प्रवेग

prabeg

acceleration

literally “more speed”

Gr 7
गतिह्रास

gatihras

retardation

literally “loss of velocity”

Gr 9
ऋणात्मक प्रवेग

rinatmak prabeg

negative acceleration

Gr 9
डुब्नु

dubnu

sink

Gr 7
तैरिनु

tairinu

float

Gr 10
ऊर्ध्वचाप

urdhwachap

also उर्ध्वचाप

upthrust, buoyancy

literally “upward pressure”

Gr 10
सापेक्षिक चाल

sapekshik chal

relative motion

Gr 8
सन्दर्भ बिन्दु

sandarbha bindu

reference point

Gr 8
सापेक्षिक गति

sapekshik gati

relative velocity

Gr 8
समान चाल

saman chal

uniform motion

Gr 8
असमान चाल

asaman chal

non-uniform motion

Gr 8
सुरुको गति

suruko gati

initial velocity

Gr 8
अन्तिम गति

antim gati

final velocity

Gr 8
तन्काइ

tankai

extension (of a band or spring)

literally “stretching”

Gr 8
परिमाण

pariman

magnitude

literally “amount”

Gr 8
स्वतन्त्र खसाइ

swatantra khasai

free fall

Gr 9
समान प्रवेग

saman prabeg

uniform acceleration

Gr 9
असमान प्रवेग

asaman prabeg

non-uniform acceleration

Gr 9
हावाको अवरोध

hawako abarodh

air resistance

Gr 9
इनर्सिया

inarsiya

inertia

Nepali’s own word: जडत्व jadatwa, literally “sluggishness”: it won’t start or stop by itself

Gr 9
सन्तुलित बल

santulit bal

balanced force

Gr 9
असन्तुलित बल

asantulit bal

unbalanced force

Gr 9
परिमाणात्मक बल

parimanatmak bal

net force

literally “resulting force”

Gr 9
गुरुत्वाकर्षणसम्बन्धी विश्वव्यापी नियम

gurutwakarshansambandhi bishwabyapi niyam

universal law of gravitation

Gr 10
गुरुत्वाकर्षण अचर

gurutwakarshan achar

universal gravitational constant

Gr 10
शून्य स्थान

shunya sthan

vacuum

literally “empty place”

Gr 10
चालसम्बन्धी समीकरण

chalsambandhi samikaran

equations of motion

Gr 10
गुरुत्वकेन्द्र

gurutwakendra

centre of gravity

Gr 10
आधारभूत बल

adharbhut bal

fundamental forces

Gr 10
बलियो आणविक बल

baliyo anabik bal

strong nuclear force

Gr 10
कमजोर आणविक बल

kamjor anabik bal

weak nuclear force

Gr 10
विद्युत् चुम्बकीय बल

bidyut chumbakiya bal

electromagnetic force

Gr 10

Work, energy and machines कार्य, ऊर्जा र यन्त्र

घट्ट

ghatta

water mill

Gr 3
यन्त्र

yantra

machine

Gr 4
सरल यन्त्र

saral yantra

simple machine

Gr 6
जटिल यन्त्र

jatil yantra

compound machine

literally “complicated machine”

Gr 6
जलविद्युत्

jalabidyut

hydroelectricity

literally “water electricity”

Gr 4
जलविद्युत् गृह

jalabidyut griha

hydropower station

literally “water-electricity house”

Gr 10
ऊर्जा

urja

energy

older books also say शक्ति, but शक्ति is better kept for power, as in अश्व शक्ति (horsepower)

Gr 4
सौर्य ऊर्जा

saurya urja

solar energy

Gr 4
सौर विद्युत्

saur bidyut

solar electricity

Gr 7
वायु ऊर्जा

bayu urja

wind energy

Gr 4
ऊर्जाको स्रोत

urjako srot

source of energy

Gr 5
कार्य

karya

work

Gr 7
सामर्थ्य

samarthya

power

literally “ability”

Gr 6
अश्व शक्ति

ashwa shakti

also अश्वशक्तिashwashakti

horsepower

literally “horse power”: here शक्ति means power

Gr 7
यान्त्रिक ऊर्जा

yantrik urja

mechanical energy

literally “machine energy”

Gr 6
लोड

lod

load

Nepali’s own word: भार bhar, literally “burden”

Gr 6
घिर्नी

ghirni

pulley

Gr 6
अचल घिर्नी

achal ghirni

fixed pulley

literally “pulley that doesn’t move”

Gr 9
चल घिर्नी

chal ghirni

movable pulley

literally “pulley that moves”

Gr 9
संयुक्त घिर्नी

sanyukta ghirni

combined pulley

Gr 9
फेसो

pheso

wedge

Gr 6
पेच

pech

screw

Gr 6
स्थिति ऊर्जा

sthiti urja

potential energy

literally “energy of position”

Gr 6
गति ऊर्जा

gati urja

kinetic energy

literally “energy of motion”

Gr 6
ऊर्जा संरक्षणको सिद्धान्त

urja sanrakshanko siddhanta

law of conservation of energy

Gr 6
नवीकरणीय

nabikaraniya

renewable

literally “can be made new”

Gr 7
अनवीकरणीय

anabikaraniya

non-renewable

Gr 7
लागत कार्य

lagat karya

input work

literally “work spent”

Gr 8
उत्पादित कार्य

utpadit karya

output work

literally “work produced”

Gr 8
कार्यक्षमता

karyakshamata

efficiency

literally “work ability”

Gr 7
वैकल्पिक ऊर्जा

baikalpik urja

alternative energy

Gr 7
वैकल्पिक ऊर्जाका स्रोत

baikalpik urjaka srot

alternative sources of energy

Gr 7
ऊर्जा सङ्कट

urja sankat

energy crisis

Gr 7
जैविक इन्धन

jaibik indhan

biofuel

Gr 7
जैविक ऊर्जा

jaibik urja

bioenergy

Gr 9
उत्तोलक

uttolak

lever

literally “the lifter”

Gr 8
फलक्रम

phalakram

fulcrum

Nepali’s own word: आलम्ब alamba, literally “support”

Gr 8
उत्तोलकको सिद्धान्त

uttolakko siddhanta

principle of the lever

Gr 8
पहिलो श्रेणीको उत्तोलक

pahilo shreniko uttolak

first-class lever

Gr 8
दोस्रो श्रेणीको उत्तोलक

dosro shreniko uttolak

second-class lever

Gr 8
तेस्रो श्रेणीको उत्तोलक

tesro shreniko uttolak

third-class lever

Gr 8
यान्त्रिक फाइदा

yantrik phaida

mechanical advantage

literally “machine gain”

Gr 8
गति अनुपात

gati anupat

velocity ratio

Gr 8
ढिकीच्याउँ

dhikichyaun

see-saw

Gr 8
छड्के सतह

chhadke satah

inclined plane

literally “slanting surface”

Gr 8
पारमाणविक भट्टी

paramanabik bhatti

nuclear reactor

literally “atomic furnace”

Gr 9
पाङ्ग्रा र बिँड

pangra ra bind

wheel and axle

Gr 9
पूर्ण यन्त्र

purna yantra

perfect (ideal) machine

literally “complete machine”

Gr 9
भूतापीय ऊर्जा

bhutapiya urja

geothermal energy

literally “earth-heat energy”

Gr 9

Heat ताप

ताप

tap

heat

Gr 2
तापक्रम

tapakram

temperature

literally “level of heat”

Gr 3
तापको प्रसारण

tapko prasaran

transmission of heat

Gr 7
सञ्चालन

sanchalan

conduction

literally “passing along”

Gr 3
संवाहन

sanbahan

convection

literally “carrying along”

Gr 8
संवाहनिक धार

sanbahanik dhar

convection current

literally “carrying stream”

Gr 8
विकिरण

bikiran

radiation

literally “scattering rays”

Gr 6
प्रसारण

prasaran

expansion

literally “spreading”

Gr 4
सङ्कुचन

sankuchan

contraction

literally “shrinking”

Gr 9
शोषण

shoshan

absorption

literally “soaking up”

Gr 5
सुचालक

suchalak

conductor

literally “good mover”

Gr 5
कुचालक

kuchalak

insulator

literally “bad mover”

Gr 5
तापको सुचालक

tapko suchalak

good conductor of heat

Gr 7
तापको कुचालक

tapko kuchalak

insulator of heat

Gr 6
ताप सञ्चालन क्षमता

tap sanchalan kshamata

thermal conductivity

Gr 8
विशिष्ट तापधारण क्षमता

bishishta tapdharan kshamata

specific heat capacity

literally “special heat-holding capacity”

Gr 9
तापक्रम सन्तुलन

tapakram santulan

thermal equilibrium

literally “temperature balance”

Gr 9
निरपेक्ष शून्य तापक्रम

nirapeksha shunya tapakram

absolute zero

Gr 10
स्थिर बिन्दु

sthir bindu

fixed point

Gr 10
तल्लो स्थिर बिन्दु

tallo sthir bindu

lower fixed point

Gr 10
माथिल्लो स्थिर बिन्दु

mathillo sthir bindu

upper fixed point

Gr 10

Light प्रकाश

रङ

rang

colour

Gr 1
ऐना

aina

mirror

Gr 1
समतल ऐना

samatal aina

plane mirror

Gr 7
गोलाकार ऐना

golakar aina

spherical mirror

literally “ball-shaped mirror”

Gr 8
आकृति

akriti

image

literally “shape”

Gr 7
वास्तविक आकृति

bastabik akriti

real image

Gr 5
अवास्तविक आकृति

abastabik akriti

virtual image

literally “unreal shape”

Gr 7
ठाडो

thado

erect (image)

literally “upright”

Gr 1
उल्टो

ulto

inverted (image)

literally “upside down”

Gr 5
प्रकाश

prakash

light

Gr 1
इन्द्रेणी

indreni

rainbow

Gr 1
प्रकाशको विच्छेदन

prakashko bichchhedan

dispersion of light

literally “splitting light”

Gr 5
वर्णपट

barnapat

spectrum

literally “cloth of colours”

Gr 8
छाया

chhaya

shadow

Gr 3
प्राथमिक रङ

prathamik rang

primary colours

Gr 4
केन्द्रित

kendrit

converge

literally “brought to a centre”

Gr 4
विकेन्द्रित

bikendrit

diverge

literally “spread from a centre”

Gr 8
आपतित किरण

apatit kiran

incident ray

literally “falling ray”

Gr 7
परावर्तित किरण

parabartit kiran

reflected ray

Gr 7
आपतित कोण

apatit kon

angle of incidence

Gr 7
नर्मल

narmal

normal (line)

Nepali’s own word: लम्ब lamba, the same word as “perpendicular”

Gr 5
दीप्त वस्तु

dipta bastu

luminous object

literally “shining object”

Gr 5
किरण

kiran

ray

Gr 5
पारदर्शी माध्यम

pardarshi madhyam

transparent medium

Gr 5
परावर्तन

parabartan

reflection

literally “turning back”

Gr 5
नियमित परावर्तन

niyamit parabartan

regular reflection

Gr 7
अनियमित परावर्तन

aniyamit parabartan

diffuse reflection

literally “irregular reflection”

Gr 7
आवर्तन

abartan

refraction

literally “turning”

Gr 7
प्रकाशको आवर्तन

prakashko abartan

refraction of light

Gr 10
आवर्तित किरण

abartit kiran

refracted ray

Gr 10
आवर्तित कोण

abartit kon

angle of refraction

Gr 10
वायुमण्डलीय आवर्तन

bayumandaliya abartan

atmospheric refraction

Gr 10
कन्केभ

kankebh

concave

Nepali’s own word: नतोदर natodar, literally “bent-in belly”

Gr 7
कन्भेक्स

kanbheks

convex

Nepali’s own word: उन्नतोदर unnatodar, literally “raised belly”

Gr 7
कन्केभ ऐना

kankebh aina

concave mirror

Nepali’s own word: नतोदर ऐना natodar aina

Gr 7
केन्द्रीकरण ऐना

kendrikaran aina

converging mirror

Gr 8
कन्भेक्स ऐना

kanbheks aina

convex mirror

Nepali’s own word: उन्नतोदर ऐना unnatodar aina

Gr 7
विकेन्द्रित ऐना

bikendrit aina

diverging mirror

Gr 8
प्रकाशको गति

prakashko gati

speed of light

Gr 8
दृष्टिदोष

drishtidosh

defect of vision

literally “sight fault”

Gr 10
दूरदृष्टि

durdrishti

long-sightedness

literally “seeing far”

Gr 8
अदूरदृष्टि

adurdrishti

short-sightedness

literally “not seeing far”

Gr 10
निर

nir

indigo

Gr 8
विद्युत् चुम्बकीय वर्णपट

bidyut chumbakiya barnapat

electromagnetic spectrum

Gr 8
पराबैजनी

parabaijani

ultraviolet

literally “beyond violet”

Gr 8
वक्रताको केन्द्र

bakratako kendra

centre of curvature

Gr 8
वक्रताको अर्धव्यास

bakratako ardhabyas

radius of curvature

Gr 10
प्रमुख अक्ष

pramukh aksha

principal axis

literally “main axis”

Gr 8
केन्द्रीकरण बिन्दु

kendrikaran bindu

principal focus

literally “point where light gathers”

Gr 8
केन्द्रीकरण दूरी

kendrikaran duri

focal length

Gr 8
प्रकाशको तीव्रता

prakashko tibrata

luminous intensity

Gr 9
सघन माध्यम

saghan madhyam

optically denser medium

literally “dense medium”

Gr 10
विरल माध्यम

biral madhyam

optically rarer medium

literally “thin medium”

Gr 10
किरण चित्र

kiran chitra

ray diagram

Gr 10
पूर्ण आन्तरिक परावर्तन

purna antarik parabartan

total internal reflection

Gr 10
चरम कोण

charam kon

critical angle

literally “extreme angle”

Gr 10
कन्भेक्स लेन्स

kanbheks lens

convex lens

Nepali’s own word: उन्नतोदर लेन्स unnatodar lens

Gr 10
कन्केभ लेन्स

kankebh lens

concave lens

Nepali’s own word: नतोदर लेन्स natodar lens

Gr 10
लेन्सको सामर्थ्य

lensko samarthya

power of a lens

Gr 10
स्पष्ट दृष्टिका लागि न्यूनतम दूरी

spashta drishtika lagi nyuntam duri

least distance of distinct vision

literally “shortest distance for clear sight”

Gr 10

Sound and waves ध्वनि

ध्वनि

dhwani

sound

Gr 1
कोलाहल

kolahal

noise

Gr 8
ध्वनि प्रदूषण

dhwani pradushan

noise pollution

Gr 3
आवृत्ति

abritti

frequency

literally “repeating”

Gr 4
समयावधि

samayabadhi

time period

Gr 4
तरङ्ग लम्बाइ

tarang lambai

wavelength

Gr 7
एम्प्लिच्युड

emplichyud

amplitude

Nepali’s own word: आयाम ayam, literally “stretch”

Gr 5
तरङ्ग

tarang

wave

Gr 6
यान्त्रिक तरङ्ग

yantrik tarang

mechanical wave

Gr 7
विद्युत् चुम्बकीय तरङ्ग

bidyut chumbakiya tarang

electromagnetic wave

Gr 7
तीव्रता

tibrata

intensity (of sound)

literally “sharpness”

Gr 8
चर्कोपन

charkopan

loudness

from चर्को, “loud, sharp”

Gr 8
माध्यम

madhyam

medium

literally “the thing in the middle”

Gr 8
प्रतिध्वनि

pratidhwani

echo

literally “sound coming back”

Gr 9
लहर

lahar

ripple

Gr 9

Electricity and magnetism विद्युत् र चुम्बकत्व

विद्युत्

bidyut

electricity

also “lightning”; everyday Nepali says बिजुली, bijuli

Gr 1
चुम्बक

chumbak

magnet

literally “the kisser”: it sticks to iron

Gr 2
छड चुम्बक

chhad chumbak

bar magnet

literally “rod magnet”

Gr 2
प्राकृतिक चुम्बक

prakritik chumbak

natural magnet

Gr 8
कृत्रिम चुम्बक

kritrim chumbak

artificial magnet

Gr 6
विद्युत् चुम्बक

bidyut chumbak

electromagnet

Gr 6
चुम्बकीय ध्रुव

chumbakiya dhruba

magnetic pole

Gr 6
उत्तरी ध्रुव

uttari dhruba

north pole

Gr 2
दक्षिणी ध्रुव

dakshini dhruba

south pole

Gr 2
अचुम्बकीय

achumbakiya

non-magnetic

Gr 3
कम्पास

kampas

compass

Nepali’s own word: दिशासूचक यन्त्र dishasuchak yantra, literally “direction-telling machine”

Gr 3
विद्युत् प्रवाह

bidyut prabaha

also विद्युत् करेन्टbidyut karent

electric current

literally “flow of electricity”; Grade 9 also says विद्युत् धारा

Gr 4
असमान ध्रुवबिच आकर्षण

asaman dhrubabich akarshan

unlike poles attract

Gr 4
समान ध्रुवबिच विकर्षण

saman dhrubabich bikarshan

like poles repel

Gr 8
चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र

chumbakiya kshetra

magnetic field

Gr 4
चुम्बकीय बलरेखा

chumbakiya balrekha

magnetic lines of force

Gr 10
चुम्बकीय प्रवाह

chumbakiya prabaha

magnetic flux

literally “magnetic flow”

Gr 10
अवरोध

abarodh

resistance (electrical)

literally “blocking”

Gr 4
विद्युत् अवरोध

bidyut abarodh

electrical resistance

Gr 9
अवरोधक

abarodhak

resistor

literally “the blocker”

Gr 9
विद्युत् परिपथ

bidyut paripath

electric circuit

literally “path around”

Gr 5
खुला परिपथ

khula paripath

open circuit

Gr 5
बन्द परिपथ

banda paripath

closed circuit

Gr 5
सुचालक

suchalak

conductor

Gr 5
सुचालक तार

suchalak tar

conducting wire

Gr 5
कुचालक

kuchalak

insulator

Gr 5
अर्धसुचालक

ardhasuchalak

semiconductor

literally “half conductor”

Gr 9
चुम्बकत्व

chumbakatwa

magnetism

Gr 6
स्थायी चुम्बक

sthayi chumbak

permanent magnet

Gr 6
अस्थायी चुम्बक

asthayi chumbak

temporary magnet

Gr 8
विद्युत्को ताप असर

bidyutko tap asar

heating effect of electric current

Gr 6
विद्युत् धाराको चुम्बकीय असर

bidyut dharako chumbakiya asar

magnetic effect of current

Gr 10
स्थिर विद्युत्

sthir bidyut

static electricity

literally “still electricity”

Gr 7
श्रेणीक्रम समूहीकरण

shrenikram samuhikaran

also श्रेणीक्रमshrenikram

series combination

literally “joined in a row”

Gr 7
समानान्तर समूहीकरण

samanantar samuhikaran

also समानान्तर क्रमsamanantar kram

parallel combination

literally “joined side by side”

Gr 7
चुम्बकत्वको आणविक सिद्धान्त

chumbakatwako anabik siddhanta

molecular theory of magnetism

Gr 8
भूचुम्बक

bhuchumbak

Earth’s magnetism

literally “earth magnet”

Gr 8
चुम्बकीय दिक्पात

chumbakiya dikpat

magnetic declination

Gr 8
चुम्बकीय भूमध्यरेखा

chumbakiya bhumadhyarekha

magnetic equator

Gr 8
विद्युतीय आघात

bidyutiya aghat

electric shock

literally “electric blow”

Gr 8
विद्युतीय ऊर्जा

bidyutiya urja

also विद्युत् ऊर्जाbidyut urja

electrical energy

Gr 9
विद्युत् सामर्थ्य

bidyut samarthya

electric power

Gr 9
नरम फलाम

naram phalam

soft iron

Gr 9
विद्युत् चुम्बकीय उपपादन

bidyut chumbakiya upapadan

electromagnetic induction

Gr 10

Chemistry

Matter and materials पदार्थ

इन्धन

indhan

fuel

Gr 1
कोइला

koila

coal

Gr 1
मिश्रण

mishran

mixture

literally “mixing”

Gr 2
शुद्ध पदार्थ

shuddha padartha

pure substance

Gr 6
मिश्रण छुट्याउने

mishran chhutyaune

separating mixtures

Gr 5
टिप्ने

tipne

hand-picking

Gr 5
निफन्ने

niphanne

winnowing

Gr 5
चाल्ने

chalne

sieving

Gr 5
थिग्राउने

thigraune

sedimentation

literally “letting it settle”

Gr 5
निथार्ने

nitharne

decantation

literally “pouring off the clear part”

Gr 5
छान्ने

chhanne

filtration

literally “sieving”

Gr 1
आसवन

asaban

distillation

Gr 6
बाफ

baph

vapour, steam

water vapour is पानीको बाफ, or जलवाष्प

Gr 1
पदार्थ

padartha

matter

Gr 2
सुन

sun

gold

Gr 2
फलाम

phalam

iron

Gr 2
कुहिने

kuhine

biodegradable

literally “that rots”

Gr 2
नकुहिने

nakuhine

non-biodegradable

literally “that doesn’t rot”

Gr 2
धातु

dhatu

metal

Gr 2
अधातु

adhatu

non-metal

literally “not metal”

Gr 6
अर्धधातु

ardhadhatu

metalloid

literally “half metal”

Gr 9
काँच

kanch

glass

Gr 2
घुलनशील

ghulanshil

soluble

literally “able to dissolve”

Gr 2
अघुलनशील

aghulanshil

insoluble

Gr 5
घुलनशीलता

ghulanshilata

solubility

Gr 5
पदार्थको अवस्था

padarthako abastha

state of matter

Gr 5
ठोस

thos

solid

Gr 2
तरल

taral

liquid

literally “flowing”

Gr 3
भौतिक गुण

bhautik gun

physical properties

Gr 2
अक्सिजन

aksijan

oxygen

Nepali’s own word: प्राणवायु pranbayu, literally “air of life”

Gr 3
खनिज

khanij

mineral

literally “dug out”

Gr 4
धाउ

dhau

ore

Gr 7
वाष्पीकरण

bashpikaran

evaporation

literally “making into vapour”

Gr 4
द्रवीकरण

drabikaran

condensation

literally “becoming liquid”

Gr 4
घोल

ghol

solution

from घोल्नु, “to dissolve”

Gr 5
घोलक

gholak

solvent

literally “the dissolver”

Gr 4
टलक

talak

lustre

literally “shine”

Gr 4
चाँदी

chandi

silver

Gr 4
चुनढुङ्गा

chundhunga

limestone

literally “lime stone”

Gr 4
तामा

tama

copper

Gr 4
मिश्रित धातु

mishrit dhatu

alloy

literally “mixed metal”

Gr 6
पित्तल

pittal

brass

Gr 4
काँस

kans

bronze

Gr 7
इस्पात

ispat

steel

Gr 6
पारदर्शी

pardarshi

transparent

literally “seeing through”

Gr 5
अर्धपारदर्शी

ardhapardarshi

translucent

literally “half see-through”

Gr 5
अपारदर्शी

apardarshi

opaque

literally “not see-through”

Gr 5
ज्वाला

jwala

flame

Gr 5
पारो

paro

mercury (the metal)

Gr 6
मणिभ

manibh

crystal

literally “like a jewel”

Gr 7
पारगम्य

pargamya

permeable

literally “can be passed through”

Gr 7
अर्धपारगम्य

ardhapargamya

semi-permeable

Gr 7
पग्लने बिन्दु

paglane bindu

also पग्लने विन्दु

melting point

also पग्लने तापक्रम, “melting temperature”

Gr 7
उम्लने बिन्दु

umlane bindu

also उम्लने विन्दु

boiling point

also उम्लने तापक्रम, “boiling temperature”

Gr 7
हिमाङ्क

himanka

freezing point

literally “ice number”

Gr 9
भौतिक परिवर्तन

bhautik paribartan

physical change

Gr 7
खिया

khiya

rust

Gr 7
प्राङ्गारिक

prangarik

organic

Gr 7
अप्राङ्गारिक

aprangarik

inorganic

Gr 7
गन्धक

gandhak

sulphur

literally “the smelly one”

Gr 7
जस्ता

jasta

zinc

Gr 7
विस्फोटक

bisphotak

explosive

Gr 8
पानीको कडापन

paniko kadapan

hardness of water

Gr 8
कडा पानी

kada pani

hard water

Gr 8
नरम पानी

naram pani

soft water

Gr 8
अस्थायी कडापन

asthayi kadapan

temporary hardness

Gr 8
स्थायी कडापन

sthayi kadapan

permanent hardness

Gr 8
विषालु

bishalu

poisonous, toxic

Gr 8
दहन

dahan

combustion, burning

Gr 10
ज्वलनशीलता

jwalanshilata

combustibility

Gr 9
प्रज्वलनशील

prajwalanshil

flammable

literally “able to catch fire”

Gr 10
पानीको असाधारण प्रसार

paniko asadharan prasar

anomalous expansion of water

literally “unusual spreading”

Gr 10
केशनली

keshnali

capillary tube

literally “hair tube”

Gr 10
सुक्खा बरफ

sukkha baraph

dry ice

Gr 10
सन्तृप्त

santripta

saturated (hydrocarbon)

literally “fully satisfied”

Gr 10

Atoms and reactions परमाणु र रासायनिक प्रतिक्रिया

सक्रिय

sakriya

reactive

literally “active”; also क्रियाशील, प्रतिक्रियाशील

Gr 3
सक्रियता

sakriyata

reactivity

literally “being active”

Gr 8
अणु

anu

molecule

literally “tiny”

Gr 3
आणविक भार

anabik bhar

molecular mass

Gr 8
तत्त्व

tattwa

element

literally “essence”

Gr 4
यौगिक

yaugik

compound

literally “joined”

Gr 7
रासायनिक

rasayanik

chemical

Gr 4
सूचक

suchak

indicator

literally “the one who tells”

Gr 4
गाढा

gadha

concentrated

literally “thick”

Gr 4
फिक्का

phikka

also फिकाphika

dilute

literally “pale, weak”

Gr 6
गाढापन

gadhapan

concentration (of a solution)

literally “thickness”

Gr 8
रासायनिक प्रतिक्रिया

rasayanik pratikriya

chemical reaction

Gr 5
साटफेर

satpher

exchange (of atoms in a reaction)

literally “swapping”

Gr 6
अम्ल

amla

acid

literally “sour”

Gr 6
क्षार

kshar

base

Gr 7
क्षारीय

kshariya

alkaline

literally “of a base”

Gr 7
लवण

laban

salt

Gr 6
तटस्थ

tatastha

neutral

literally “standing on the bank”: taking no side

Gr 7
निराकरण

nirakaran

neutralisation

literally “cancelling out”

Gr 6
निराकरण प्रतिक्रिया

nirakaran pratikriya

neutralisation reaction

Gr 8
विघटन

bighatan

decomposition

literally “breaking apart”

Gr 6
परमाणु

paramanu

atom

literally “the tiniest bit”

Gr 7
उपपारमाणविक कण

upaparamanabik kan

sub-atomic particles

literally “particles smaller than atoms”

Gr 7
पारमाणविक सङ्ख्या

paramanabik sankhya

atomic number

Gr 7
पारमाणविक भार

paramanabik bhar

atomic mass

Gr 7
चुनपानी

chunpani

lime water

Gr 7
रासायनिक परिवर्तन

rasayanik paribartan

chemical change

Gr 7
रासायनिक गुण

rasayanik gun

chemical properties

Gr 7
कडा अम्ल

kada amla

strong acid

Gr 7
नरम अम्ल

naram amla

weak acid

Gr 8
कडा क्षार

kada kshar

strong base

Gr 8
नरम क्षार

naram kshar

weak base

Gr 8
सङ्केत

sanket

symbol

literally “sign”

Gr 7
रेडियोधर्मी

radiodharmi

radioactive

Gr 8
संयुज्यता

sanyujyata

valency

literally “joining power”

Gr 8
आणविक सूत्र

anabik sutra

molecular formula

Gr 8
संरचनात्मक सूत्र

sanrachanatmak sutra

structural formula

Gr 10
सामान्य सूत्र

samanya sutra

general formula

Gr 10
रासायनिक समीकरण

rasayanik samikaran

chemical equation

Gr 8
शब्द समीकरण

shabda samikaran

word equation

Gr 8
सूत्र समीकरण

sutra samikaran

skeleton (formula) equation

Gr 8
सन्तुलित रासायनिक समीकरण

santulit rasayanik samikaran

balanced chemical equation

Gr 8
असन्तुलित रासायनिक समीकरण

asantulit rasayanik samikaran

unbalanced chemical equation

Gr 9
प्रतिक्रियारत पदार्थ

pratikriyarat padartha

reactant

literally “substance taking part in the reaction”

Gr 8
उत्पादित पदार्थ

utpadit padartha

product (of a reaction)

literally “substance produced”

Gr 8
उपउत्पादन

upautpadan

by-product

Gr 9
आयोनीकरण

ayonikaran

ionisation

literally “making into ions”

Gr 8
रासायनिक बन्ड

rasayanik band

chemical bond

Gr 9
सहसंयोजक बन्ड

sahasanyojak band

covalent bond

literally “bond joining together”

Gr 10
रसायन विज्ञान

rasayan bigyan

chemistry

literally “the science of elixirs”

Gr 9
सङ्गठन

sangathan

combination (of substances)

literally “joining together”

Gr 9
निष्क्रिय ग्यास

nishkriya gyas

inert gas

literally “inactive gas”

Gr 9
पिण्ड संरक्षणको सिद्धान्त

pinda sanrakshanko siddhanta

law of conservation of mass

Gr 9
तापदायक प्रतिक्रिया

tapdayak pratikriya

exothermic reaction

literally “heat-giving reaction”

Gr 9
तापशोषक प्रतिक्रिया

tapshoshak pratikriya

endothermic reaction

literally “heat-soaking reaction”

Gr 9
प्राङ्गारिक यौगिक

prangarik yaugik

organic compound

Gr 9
अप्राङ्गारिक यौगिक

aprangarik yaugik

inorganic compound

Gr 9
प्राङ्गारिक रसायनशास्त्र

prangarik rasayanshastra

organic chemistry

Gr 10
अम्लीय अक्साइड

amliya aksaid

acidic oxide

Gr 10
क्षारीय अक्साइड

kshariya aksaid

basic oxide

Gr 9
प्रतिक्रियाको दर

pratikriyako dar

rate of reaction

Gr 10
सङ्क्रमण धातु

sankraman dhatu

transition metal

literally “metal in between”

Gr 10
धात्विक गुण

dhatwik gun

metallic character

Gr 10
अधात्विक गुण

adhatwik gun

non-metallic character

Gr 10
संयोजन प्रतिक्रिया

sanyojan pratikriya

combination reaction

Gr 10
विच्छेदन प्रतिक्रिया

bichchhedan pratikriya

decomposition reaction

literally “splitting reaction”

Gr 10
विस्थापन प्रतिक्रिया

bisthapan pratikriya

displacement reaction

Gr 10
एकल विस्थापन प्रतिक्रिया

ekal bisthapan pratikriya

single displacement reaction

Gr 10
दोहोरो विस्थापन प्रतिक्रिया

dohoro bisthapan pratikriya

double displacement reaction

Gr 10
उत्प्रेरक

utprerak

catalyst

literally “the one who urges on”

Gr 10
सकारात्मक उत्प्रेरक

sakaratmak utprerak

positive catalyst

Gr 10
नकारात्मक उत्प्रेरक

nakaratmak utprerak

negative catalyst

Gr 10
धातु विज्ञान

dhatu bigyan

metallurgy

literally “the science of metals”

Gr 10
विद्युत् विच्छेदन

bidyut bichchhedan

electrolysis

literally “splitting by electricity”

Gr 10
औद्योगिक रसायनशास्त्र

audyogik rasayanshastra

industrial chemistry

Gr 10
परिरक्षी

parirakshi

preservative

literally “protector”

Gr 10
खाद्य परिरक्षी

khadya parirakshi

food preservative

Gr 10

Biology

Living things जीव

वृद्धि

briddhi

growth

Gr 1
सजीव

sajiw

living things

literally “with life”

Gr 1
निर्जीव

nirjiw

non-living things

literally “without life”

Gr 1
च्याउ

chyau

mushroom

Gr 1
अङ्ग

anga

organ

literally “limb, part”

Gr 1
किरा

kira

insect

Gr 1
कीटाणु

kitanu

germ

literally “tiny insect”

Gr 2
जुका

juka

leech

Gr 2
भाइरस

bhairas

virus

Nepali’s own word: विषाणु bishanu, literally “tiny poison”

Gr 2
शाकाहारी

shakahari

herbivore

literally “plant eater”

Gr 2
मांसाहारी

mamsahari

carnivore

literally “meat eater”

Gr 2
सर्वहारी

sarbahari

omnivore

literally “eats everything”

Gr 2
लेउ

leu

algae

Gr 2
जीव

jiw

organism

literally “living one”

Gr 2
डाँफे

danphe

Himalayan monal

Nepal’s national bird

Gr 2
वर्गीकरण

bargikaran

classification

literally “putting into groups”

Gr 3
शङ्खेकिरा

shankhekira

snail

literally “shell creature”

Gr 3
प्वाँख

pwankh

feather

Gr 3
चुच्चो

chuchcho

beak

Gr 3
प्रजाति

prajati

species

Gr 3
ढुसी

dhusi

fungus, mould

Gr 3
जीवन प्रक्रिया

jiwan prakriya

life process

Gr 4
कोष

kosh

cell

literally “box, treasury”

Gr 4
न्युक्लियस

nyukliyas

nucleus (of a cell)

Nepali’s own word: केन्द्रक kendrak, literally “the centre one”

Gr 7
कोषझिल्ली

koshjhilli

cell membrane

literally “cell skin”

Gr 7
कोष भित्ता

kosh bhitta

cell wall

literally “cell wall”

Gr 7
कोषका अवयव

koshka abayab

cell organelles

literally “parts of the cell”

Gr 7
जलीय

jaliya

aquatic

literally “of the water”

Gr 4
स्थलीय

sthaliya

terrestrial

literally “of the land”

Gr 4
श्वासप्रश्वास

shwasprashwas

respiration

literally “breathing in and out”

Gr 4
गँड्यौला

gandyaula

earthworm

Gr 4
सूक्ष्म जीव

sukshma jiw

micro-organism

literally “tiny living thing”

Gr 4
मेरुदण्ड भएका जनावर

merudanda bhaeka janawar

vertebrates

literally “animals with a backbone”

Gr 4
मेरुदण्ड नभएका जनावर

merudanda nabhaeka janawar

invertebrates

literally “animals without a backbone”

Gr 4
कत्ला

katla

scales (of a fish or snake)

Gr 4
पोषण

poshan

nutrition

literally “nourishing”

Gr 4
जीवनचक्र

jiwanchakra

life cycle

literally “wheel of life”

Gr 4
रूपान्तरण

rupantaran

metamorphosis

literally “change of form”

Gr 4
निष्कासन

nishkasan

excretion

literally “throwing out”

Gr 5
प्रजनन

prajanan

reproduction

literally “giving birth”

Gr 5
मैथुनिक प्रजनन

maithunik prajanan

sexual reproduction

Gr 8
अमैथुनिक प्रजनन

amaithunik prajanan

asexual reproduction

Gr 8
उभयचर

ubhayachar

amphibian

literally “moving in both” (water and land)

Gr 5
जालीदार खुट्टा

jalidar khutta

webbed feet

literally “net feet”

Gr 5
चेपागाँडा

chepaganda

tadpole

Gr 5
सरीसृप

sarisrip

reptile

literally “creeper”

Gr 5
काँचुली

kanchuli

moulting (of a snake)

Gr 5
स्तनधारी

stanadhari

mammal

literally “breast-bearing”

Gr 5
सालक

salak

pangolin

Gr 5
स्वपोषक

swaposhak

autotroph

literally “feeds itself”

Gr 5
परपोषक

paraposhak

heterotroph

literally “fed by others”

Gr 5
अनुकूलन

anukulan

adaptation

literally “becoming suited”

Gr 6
पाचन

pachan

digestion

literally “cooking” (inside)

Gr 6
विषमतापी

bishamatapi

cold-blooded

literally “changing heat”

Gr 6
समतापी

samatapi

warm-blooded

literally “same heat”

Gr 6
शीतनिद्रा

shitnidra

hibernation

literally “winter sleep”

Gr 6
गर्भाधान

garbhadhan

fertilisation

Gr 6
बाह्य गर्भाधान

bahya garbhadhan

external fertilisation

Gr 6
भित्री गर्भाधान

bhitri garbhadhan

internal fertilisation

Gr 6
निसेचित

nisechit

also निषेचितnishechit

fertilised

Gr 8
अनिसेचित

anisechit

unfertilised

Gr 10
एककोषीय

ekkoshiya

unicellular

literally “one-celled”

Gr 6
बहुकोषीय

bahukoshiya

multicellular

literally “many-celled”

Gr 7
वंशाणु

banshanu

gene

literally “family particle”

Gr 6
जगत्

jagat

kingdom

literally “world”

Gr 6
दुई जगत् प्रणाली

dui jagat pranali

two-kingdom system

Gr 8
पाँच जगत् वर्गीकरण प्रणाली

panch jagat bargikaran pranali

five-kingdom system

Gr 8
वनस्पति जगत्

banaspati jagat

plant kingdom

Gr 8
जन्तु जगत्

jantu jagat

animal kingdom

Gr 8
ब्याक्टेरिया

byakteriya

bacteria

Nepali’s own word: जीवाणु jiwanu, literally “tiny living thing”

Gr 6
परजीवी

parajiwi

parasite

literally “living on another”

Gr 6
भित्री परजीवी

bhitri parajiwi

endoparasite

literally “parasite inside”

Gr 6
बाह्य परजीवी

bahya parajiwi

ectoparasite

literally “parasite outside”

Gr 6
पूर्ण परजीवी

purna parajiwi

obligate parasite

literally “complete parasite”

Gr 8
मृतोपजीवी

mritopajiwi

saprophyte

literally “lives on the dead”

Gr 6
तन्तु

tantu

tissue

literally “thread”

Gr 6
जन्तु तन्तु

jantu tantu

animal tissue

Gr 9
वनस्पति तन्तु

banaspati tantu

plant tissue

Gr 9
अण्डाशय

andashaya

ovary

Gr 7
भ्रूण

bhrun

embryo

Gr 7
चिप्लेकिरा

chiplekira

slug

literally “slippery creature”

Gr 7
चुसक

chusak

sucker

literally “sucker”

Gr 7
उभयलिङ्गी

ubhaylingi

hermaphrodite

literally “both sexes”

Gr 7
एकलिङ्गी

eklingi

unisexual

Gr 7
कोष विभाजन

kosh bibhajan

cell division

Gr 7
मातृकोष

matrikosh

mother cell

Gr 10
सन्तति कोष

santati kosh

daughter cell

literally “offspring cell”

Gr 10
समीकरणीय कोष विभाजन

samikaraniya kosh bibhajan

equational division

Gr 10
झुसिल्किरा

jhusilkira

caterpillar

literally “hairy insect”

Gr 8
कोष विज्ञान

kosh bigyan

cytology

literally “the science of cells”

Gr 8
कोष सिद्धान्त

kosh siddhanta

cell theory

Gr 8
वंशाणुक्रम

banshanukram

heredity

literally “passing down the family line”

Gr 10
वंशाणुगत गुण

banshanugat gun

hereditary character

Gr 8
भित्री अस्थिपञ्जर

bhitri asthipanjar

endoskeleton

literally “inside bone cage”

Gr 8
बाह्य अस्थि

bahya asthi

exoskeleton

literally “outside bone”

Gr 10
स्राव

srab

secretion

literally “flowing out”

Gr 8
लैङ्गिक कोष

laingik kosh

gamete

literally “sex cell”

Gr 8
भाले लैङ्गिक कोष

bhale laingik kosh

male gamete

Gr 8
पोथी लैङ्गिक कोष

pothi laingik kosh

female gamete

Gr 8
डिम्ब

dimba

ovum, egg cell

Gr 8
क्रमविकास

krambikas

evolution

literally “step-by-step growth”

Gr 8
जैविक क्रमविकास

jaibik krambikas

organic evolution

Gr 8
क्रमविकासका प्रमाणहरू

krambikaska pramanharu

evidence of evolution

Gr 9
उपापचय

upapachaya

metabolism

Gr 8
गुण

gun

character (trait)

literally “quality”

Gr 8
जीव विज्ञान

jiw bigyan

biology

literally “the science of life”

Gr 9
ठिमाहा

thimaha

hybrid

Gr 9
सहजीवता

sahajiwata

symbiosis

literally “living together”

Gr 9
पारस्परिकता

parasparikata

mutualism

literally “each helping the other”

Gr 9
दुईपदीय नामकरण प्रणाली

duipadiya namkaran pranali

binomial nomenclature

literally “two-word naming”

Gr 9
वैज्ञानिक नाम

baigyanik nam

scientific name

Gr 9
बीजाणु

bijanu

spore

literally “tiny seed”

Gr 9
आनुवंशिक

anubanshik

genetic

literally “of the family line”

Gr 9
सधर्मी अङ्ग

sadharmi anga

homologous organs

literally “organs of the same kind”

Gr 9
अवशेषाङ्ग

abasheshanga

vestigial organ

literally “left-over organ”

Gr 9
अङ्गहरूको उपयोग र अनुपयोग

angaharuko upayog ra anupayog

use and disuse of organs

Gr 9
प्राप्त गुण

prapta gun

acquired characters

literally “gained qualities”

Gr 9
प्राप्त गुणहरूको सन्तानमा प्रसारण

prapta gunharuko santanma prasaran

inheritance of acquired characters

Gr 9
प्राकृतिक छनोट

prakritik chhanot

natural selection

literally “nature’s choosing”

Gr 9
बाँच्नका लागि सङ्घर्ष

banchnaka lagi sangharsha

struggle for existence

literally “struggle to stay alive”

Gr 9
परिवृत्ति

paribritti

variation

Gr 9
अनुकूल परिवृत्ति

anukul paribritti

favourable variation

Gr 9
प्रतिकूल परिवृत्ति

pratikul paribritti

unfavourable variation

Gr 9
निरन्तर परिवृत्ति

nirantar paribritti

continuous variation

Gr 9
अनिरन्तर परिवृत्ति

anirantar paribritti

discontinuous variation

Gr 9
उत्परिवर्तन

utparibartan

mutation

literally “sudden change”

Gr 9
उत्परिवर्तन सिद्धान्त

utparibartan siddhanta

mutation theory

Gr 9
प्रबल

prabal

dominant (trait)

literally “strong”

Gr 10
लुप्त

lupta

recessive (trait)

literally “hidden”

Gr 9
स्थायी तन्तु

sthayi tantu

permanent tissue

Gr 9
सरल तन्तु

saral tantu

simple tissue

Gr 9
जटिल तन्तु

jatil tantu

complex tissue

Gr 9
विशिष्ट तन्तु

bishishta tantu

special (permanent) tissue

Gr 9
उत्तेजना

uttejana

stimulus

literally “excitement”

Gr 9
समुदाय

samudaya

community

Gr 9
डस्ने कोष

dasne kosh

stinging cell (nematocyst)

literally “stinging cell”

Gr 10
गोलो जुका

golo juka

roundworm

literally “round worm”

Gr 10
बन्द रक्तसञ्चार प्रणाली

banda raktasanchar pranali

closed circulatory system

Gr 10
दुधको ग्रन्थि

dudhko granthi

mammary gland

literally “milk gland”

Gr 10
साझा पूर्वज

sajha purbaj

common ancestor

Gr 10
प्रजातीकरण

prajatikaran

speciation

literally “becoming species”

Gr 10
मौरीपालन

mauripalan

beekeeping

Gr 10
रानी मौरी

rani mauri

queen bee

Gr 10
भाले मौरी

bhale mauri

drone (male bee)

Gr 10
कर्मी मौरी

karmi mauri

worker bee

Gr 10
कीटविज्ञान

kitbigyan

entomology

literally “the science of insects”

Gr 10
लिङ्ग निर्धारण

linga nirdharan

sex determination

Gr 10
शारीरिक कोष

sharirik kosh

somatic (body) cell

Gr 10
हाब्रे

habre

red panda

Gr 10
प्रबलताको नियम

prabalatako niyam

law of dominance

Gr 10
लैङ्गिक शुद्धताको नियम

laingik shuddhatako niyam

law of segregation (purity of gametes)

Gr 10
स्वतन्त्र गुण प्रसारणको नियम

swatantra gun prasaranko niyam

law of independent assortment

Gr 10
आनुवंशिक परिमार्जन

anubanshik parimarjan

genetic modification

Gr 10
आणविक जीवविज्ञान

anabik jiwbigyan

molecular biology

Gr 10
छनोट प्रजनन

chhanot prajanan

selective breeding

Gr 10
कृत्रिम चयन

kritrim chayan

artificial selection

Gr 10
कृत्रिम गर्भाधान

kritrim garbhadhan

artificial insemination

Gr 10
रङ्गकण

rangakan

pigment

literally “colour grains”

Gr 10
सोँस

sons

Gangetic dolphin

Gr 10
परभक्षी

parabhakshi

predator

literally “eater of others”

Gr 10
चेप्टो किरा

chepto kira

flatworm

literally “flat worm”

Gr 10
हावाको थैली

hawako thaili

swim bladder

literally “air bag”

Gr 10

Plants वनस्पति

जडीबुटी

jadibuti

medicinal plants

Gr 1
बिउ

biu

seed

Gr 1
फक्लेटा

phakleta

cotyledon, seed leaf

Gr 5
अङ्कुरण

ankuran

germination

literally “sprouting”

Gr 4
बुट्यान

butyan

shrub

Gr 1
काण्ड

kanda

stem

Gr 1
जमिनमुनिको काण्ड

jaminmuniko kanda

underground stem

Gr 8
जमिनमाथिको काण्ड

jaminmathiko kanda

aerial stem

Gr 8
कोपिला

kopila

bud

Gr 2
वनस्पति

banaspati

plant

literally “lord of the forest”

Gr 3
उनिउँ

uniun

fern

Gr 3
निउरो

niuro

fiddlehead (young fern)

Gr 10
बेर्ना

berna

sapling

Gr 3
लहरा

lahara

climber

Gr 4
गाँठो

gantho

node

literally “knot”

Gr 4
परागसेचन

paragsechan

pollination

literally “sprinkling pollen”

Gr 4
स्वपरागसेचन

swaparagsechan

self-pollination

Gr 8
परपरागसेचन

paraparagsechan

cross-pollination

Gr 8
परागकण

paragkan

pollen grain

Gr 4
परागनली

paragnali

pollen tube

Gr 7
प्रकाश संश्लेषण

prakash sanshleshan

photosynthesis

literally “putting together with light”

Gr 5
हरितकण

haritkan

chlorophyll

literally “green grains”

Gr 5
मूल जरा

mul jara

tap root

literally “main root”

Gr 5
गुच्छे जरा

guchchhe jara

fibrous root

literally “bunched roots”

Gr 5
सहायक जरा

sahayak jara

secondary root

literally “helper root”

Gr 5
रूपान्तरित जरा

rupantarit jara

modified root

literally “changed root”

Gr 7
एकदलीय

ekdaliya

monocot

literally “one seed-leaf”

Gr 5
दुईदलीय

duidaliya

dicot

literally “two seed-leaves”

Gr 5
उत्स्वेदन

utswedan

transpiration

literally “sweating out”

Gr 5
पत्रदल

patradal

calyx (the sepals)

literally “leaf parts”: the green ring under the petals

Gr 5
पुष्पदल

pushpadal

corolla (the petals)

literally “flower leaves”: Grade 8 calls one petal पेटल

Gr 5
पुङ्केशर

punkeshar

stamen

literally “male thread”

Gr 5
परागकोठा

paragkotha

anther

literally “pollen room”

Gr 7
पराग थैली

parag thaili

pollen sac

Gr 8
स्त्रीकेशर

strikeshar

pistil

literally “female thread”

Gr 5
खोटो

khoto

resin

Gr 5
त्यान्द्रा

tyandra

tendril

Gr 6
फूल फुल्ने वनस्पति

phul phulne banaspati

flowering plant

Gr 6
सपुष्पक

sapushpak

flowering plants (formal)

literally “with flowers”

Gr 6
फूल नफुल्ने वनस्पति

phul naphulne banaspati

non-flowering plant

Gr 8
अपुष्पक

apushpak

non-flowering plants (formal)

literally “without flowers”

Gr 6
मुख्य नसा

mukhya nasa

midrib

literally “main vein”

Gr 7
बिउ प्रसारण

biu prasaran

seed dispersal

literally “spreading seeds”

Gr 8
यार्चागुम्बा

yarchagumba

caterpillar fungus

from Tibetan: “summer grass, winter worm”

Gr 8
दोहोरो गर्भाधान

dohoro garbhadhan

double fertilisation

Gr 8
कोणधारी

kondhari

conifer

literally “cone-bearing”

Gr 8
सदाबहार

sadabahar

evergreen

literally “always spring”

Gr 9
आवश्यक तत्त्व

abashyak tattwa

essential elements (for plants)

Gr 9
प्रमुख पोषक तत्त्व

pramukh poshak tattwa

primary nutrients

Gr 9
सहायक पोषक तत्त्व

sahayak poshak tattwa

secondary nutrients

literally “helper nutrients”

Gr 9
दलहन

dalhan

legumes

Gr 9
उभयचर वनस्पति

ubhayachar banaspati

amphibious plant

Gr 10
नाङ्गो बिउ

nango biu

naked seed

Gr 10
शिराक्रम

shirakram

venation

literally “pattern of veins”

Gr 10
समानान्तर शिराक्रम

samanantar shirakram

parallel venation

Gr 10
जालीदार शिराक्रम

jalidar shirakram

reticulate venation

literally “net-like veins”

Gr 10
पुष्परस

pushparas

nectar

literally “flower juice”

Gr 10
जटामसी

jatamasi

spikenard

Gr 10
गुर्जो

gurjo

heart-leaved moonseed

Gr 10
संयुक्त पात

sanyukta pat

compound leaf

literally “joined leaf”

Gr 10

The human body and health मानव शरीर र स्वास्थ्य

स्वास्थ्य

swasthya

health

Gr 1
जनस्वास्थ्य

janaswasthya

public health

literally “people’s health”

Gr 3
सरसफाइ

sarsaphai

hygiene, cleanliness

Gr 1
रोग

rog

disease

Gr 1
सरुवा रोग

saruwa rog

infectious disease

literally “catching disease”

Gr 1
नसर्ने रोग

nasarne rog

non-communicable disease

literally “not catching”

Gr 2
मुटु

mutu

heart

Gr 1
धड्कन

dhadkan

heartbeat

Gr 7
औषधि

aushadhi

medicine

Gr 2
कङ्काल

kankal

skeleton

Gr 9
हड्डी

haddi

bone

Gr 9
खप्पर

khappar

skull

Gr 9
मेरुदण्ड

merudanda

backbone, spine

literally “the Mount Meru staff”

Gr 4
करङ

karang

rib

Gr 3
जोर्नी

jorni

joint

Gr 2
रगत

ragat

blood

Gr 2
रक्तकोष

raktakosh

blood cells (corpuscles)

Gr 6
राता रक्तकोष

rata raktakosh

red blood cell

Gr 9
सेता रक्तकोष

seta raktakosh

white blood cell

Gr 9
रक्त समूह

rakta samuha

blood group

Gr 6
रुघा

rugha

also रुगाruga

common cold

Gr 2
खोप

khop

vaccine

Gr 3
छाला

chhala

skin

Gr 3
श्वासप्रश्वास प्रणाली

shwasprashwas pranali

respiratory system

Gr 7
श्वासनली

shwasnali

windpipe

literally “breath tube”

Gr 6
फोक्सो

phokso

lungs

Gr 3
कलेजो

kalejo

liver

Gr 3
रक्तचाप

raktachap

blood pressure

literally “blood pressure”

Gr 3
उच्च रक्तचाप

uchcha raktachap

high blood pressure

Gr 3
मधुमेह

madhumeh

diabetes

literally “honey urine”

Gr 3
ज्ञानेन्द्रिय

gyanendriya

sense organs

literally “knowing organs”

Gr 4
स्नायु प्रणाली

snayu pranali

nervous system

Gr 9
केन्द्रीय स्नायु प्रणाली

kendriya snayu pranali

central nervous system

Gr 9
मस्तिष्क

mastishka

brain

Gr 4
ठुलो मस्तिष्क

thulo mastishka

cerebrum

literally “big brain”

Gr 9
सानो मस्तिष्क

sano mastishka

cerebellum

literally “small brain”

Gr 9
सुषुम्ना

sushumna

spinal cord

Gr 9
स्नायु

snayu

nerve

Gr 8
पोषक तत्त्व

poshak tattwa

nutrients

Gr 4
खनिज पदार्थ

khanij padartha

minerals (in food)

Gr 4
चिल्लो पदार्थ

chillo padartha

fats

literally “oily things”

Gr 6
रक्तनली

raktanali

blood vessel

literally “blood tube”

Gr 7
धमनी

dhamani

artery

Gr 10
उपधमनी

upadhamani

arteriole

literally “small artery”

Gr 10
केशिका

keshika

capillary

literally “hair-thin one”

Gr 10
उपशिरा

upashira

venule

literally “small vein”

Gr 10
शिरा

shira

vein

Gr 5
महाशिरा

mahashira

vena cava

literally “great vein”

Gr 10
मांसपेशी

mamsapeshi

muscle

Gr 6
स्वेच्छिक मांसपेशी

swechchhik mamsapeshi

voluntary muscle

literally “muscle that moves when you want”

Gr 9
अस्वेच्छिक मांसपेशी

aswechchhik mamsapeshi

involuntary muscle

Gr 9
मांसपेशी तन्तु

mamsapeshi tantu

muscular tissue

Gr 8
पाचन प्रणाली

pachan pranali

digestive system

Gr 6
पाचन नली

pachan nali

alimentary canal

literally “digestion tube”

Gr 6
अन्ननली

annanali

food pipe, oesophagus

literally “food tube”

Gr 10
आमाशय

amashaya

stomach

Gr 6
सानो आन्द्रा

sano andra

small intestine

Gr 6
ठूलो आन्द्रा

thulo andra

large intestine

Gr 6
मलाशय

malashaya

rectum

Gr 10
मलद्वार

maldwar

anus

Gr 6
ग्रन्थि

granthi

gland

literally “knot”

Gr 6
नलीयुक्त ग्रन्थि

naliyukta granthi

exocrine gland

literally “gland with a tube”

Gr 9
नलीविहीन ग्रन्थि

nalibihin granthi

endocrine gland

literally “gland without a tube”

Gr 9
मिश्रित ग्रन्थि

mishrit granthi

mixed gland

Gr 9
मुख्य ग्रन्थि

mukhya granthi

master gland

literally “main gland”

Gr 9
नलीविहीन ग्रन्थि प्रणाली

nalibihin granthi pranali

endocrine system

literally “system of glands without tubes”

Gr 9
पित्तथैली

pittathaili

gall bladder

literally “bile bag”

Gr 6
निष्कासन प्रणाली

nishkasan pranali

excretory system

Gr 7
मिर्गौला

mirgaula

kidney

Gr 6
मूत्रनली

mutranali

ureter

literally “urine tube”

Gr 7
मूत्रथैली

mutrathaili

urinary bladder

literally “urine bag”

Gr 7
मूत्रमार्ग

mutramarg

urethra

literally “urine path”

Gr 7
गलगाँड

galganda

goitre

literally “neck lump”

Gr 6
रक्तसञ्चार प्रणाली

raktasanchar pranali

circulatory system

literally “blood-moving system”

Gr 7
रक्तसञ्चार

raktasanchar

blood circulation

literally “moving blood”

Gr 7
निर्मलीकरण

nirmalikaran

sterilisation

literally “making clean”

Gr 8
फियो

phiyo

spleen

Gr 8
खाद्य विषाक्तीकरण

khadya bishaktikaran

food poisoning

Gr 8
प्रजनन प्रणाली

prajanan pranali

reproductive system

Gr 10
अण्डकोष

andakosh

testis

Gr 8
शुक्राणु

shukranu

sperm

Gr 8
वीर्य

birya

semen

Gr 9
पाठेघर

patheghar

uterus

Gr 9
डिम्बवाहिनी नली

dimbawahini nali

fallopian tube

literally “egg-carrying tube”

Gr 9
कानको जाली

kanko jali

eardrum

literally “the ear’s net”

Gr 8
मोतीविन्दु

motibindu

cataract

literally “pearl drop”

Gr 9
प्रत्यारोपण

pratyaropan

transplant

literally “planting again”

Gr 9
मुटु रोग

mutu rog

heart disease

Gr 9
हृदयाघात

hridayaghat

heart attack

literally “blow to the heart”

Gr 10
संयोजी तन्तु

sanyoji tantu

connective tissue

literally “joining tissue”

Gr 9
अकाम्य क्रिया

akamya kriya

reflex action

literally “action without wanting”

Gr 9
अस्वेच्छिक क्रिया

aswechchhik kriya

involuntary action

Gr 9
जैविक उत्प्रेरक

jaibik utprerak

biological catalyst

Gr 9
द्वितीय लैङ्गिक गुण

dwitiya laingik gun

secondary sexual characters

Gr 9
रोग प्रतिरोधात्मक क्षमता

rog pratirodhatmak kshamata

immunity

literally “power to fight disease”

Gr 9
प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली

pratiraksha pranali

immune system

literally “defence system”

Gr 9
शल्यक्रिया

shalyakriya

surgery

Gr 9
शल्यचिकित्सक

shalyachikitsak

surgeon

Gr 10
अशुद्ध रगत

ashuddha ragat

deoxygenated blood

literally “impure blood”

Gr 9
रक्तअल्पता

raktaalpata

anaemia

literally “too little blood”

Gr 9
बाँझोपन

banjhopan

infertility

Gr 10
मस्तिष्क घात

mastishka ghat

stroke

literally “blow to the brain”

Gr 10
सन्तुलित भोजन

santulit bhojan

balanced diet

Gr 10
कुपोषण

kuposhan

malnutrition

literally “bad nourishing”

Gr 10
मोटोपना

motopana

obesity

literally “fatness”

Gr 10
ठेउला

theula

chickenpox

Gr 10
रतन्धो

ratandho

night blindness

literally “night blind”

Gr 10
अनिद्रा

anidra

insomnia

literally “no sleep”

Gr 10
नानी

nani

pupil (of the eye)

Gr 10
रगत चढाउनु

ragat chadhaunu

blood transfusion

said as a verb: to give a patient blood

Gr 10

Earth and space

Earth and weather पृथ्वी र मौसम

मौसम

mausam

weather

Gr 1
जलवायु

jalabayu

climate

literally “water and air”

Gr 8
जलवायु परिवर्तन

jalabayu paribartan

climate change

Gr 8
हुरी

huri

storm, gale

Gr 1
पहिरो

pahiro

landslide

Gr 1
बाढी

badhi

flood

Gr 1
ध्रुव

dhruba

pole

literally “fixed”

Gr 2
प्राकृतिक स्रोत

prakritik srot

natural resources

Gr 2
भूकम्प

bhukampa

earthquake

literally “earth shaking”

Gr 2
चट्याङ

chatyang

lightning

Gr 2
प्रदूषण

pradushan

pollution

Gr 2
वायु प्रदूषण

bayu pradushan

air pollution

Gr 4
जल प्रदूषण

jal pradushan

water pollution

Gr 4
शीत

shit

dew

Gr 2
वर्षा

barsha

rainfall

Gr 2
पृथ्वी

prithwi

Earth

Gr 2
असिना

asina

hail

Gr 3
डढेलो

dadhelo

forest fire

Gr 3
कुहिरो

kuhiro

fog, mist

Gr 3
शीतलहर

shitlahar

cold wave

Gr 3
केन्द्रबिन्दु

kendrabindu

epicentre

literally “centre point”

Gr 4
ऋतु

ritu

season

Gr 4
उर्वराशक्ति

urbarashakti

soil fertility

Gr 4
वायुमण्डल

bayumandal

atmosphere

literally “circle of air”

Gr 4
स्थलमण्डल

sthalmandal

lithosphere

literally “circle of land”

Gr 4
जलमण्डल

jalmandal

hydrosphere

literally “circle of water”

Gr 4
जीवमण्डल

jiwamandal

biosphere

literally “circle of life”

Gr 9
खडेरी

khaderi

also अनावृष्टिanabrishti

drought

अनावृष्टि: “no rain”

Gr 4
मरुभूमि

marubhumi

desert

Gr 4
जलचक्र

jalachakra

water cycle

literally “water wheel”

Gr 4
बाँध

bandh

dam

Gr 4
चट्टान

chattan

rock

Gr 4
आग्नेय चट्टान

agneya chattan

igneous rock

literally “rock of fire”

Gr 7
पत्रे चट्टान

patre chattan

sedimentary rock

literally “layered rock”

Gr 7
रूपान्तरित चट्टान

rupantarit chattan

metamorphic rock

literally “rock changed in form”

Gr 7
ज्वालामुखी चट्टान

jwalamukhi chattan

volcanic rock

Gr 9
जलस्रोत

jalsrot

water resources

Gr 4
प्राकृतिक विपत्

prakritik bipat

natural disaster

Gr 4
तुसारो

tusaro

frost

Gr 4
हिमनदी

himnadi

glacier

literally “ice river”

Gr 8
हिमताल

himtal

glacial lake

literally “ice lake”

Gr 4
हिमताल विस्फोटन

himtal bisphotan

glacial lake outburst

Gr 8
दैनिक गति

dainik gati

rotation (of the Earth)

literally “daily motion”

Gr 5
वार्षिक गति

barshik gati

revolution (of the Earth)

literally “yearly motion”

Gr 5
अक्षांश

akshamsha

latitude

Gr 9
देशान्तर

deshantar

longitude

Gr 6
भूमध्य रेखा

bhumadhya rekha

equator

literally “middle line of the Earth”

Gr 9
कर्कट रेखा

karkat rekha

Tropic of Cancer

literally “crab line”

Gr 7
मकर रेखा

makar rekha

Tropic of Capricorn

literally “sea-goat line”

Gr 7
क्षयीकरण

kshayikaran

weathering

literally “wearing away”

Gr 9
भूक्षय

bhukshaya

soil erosion

literally “earth wearing away”

Gr 6
निक्षेपण

nikshepan

deposition

literally “setting down”

Gr 6
ध्रुवीय

dhruwiya

polar

literally “of the pole”

Gr 6
ज्वालामुखी

jwalamukhi

volcano

literally “flame mouth”

Gr 6
जलाधार

jaladhar

watershed

literally “water base”

Gr 7
जलाशय

jalashaya

reservoir

literally “water store”

Gr 7
प्राकृतिक ग्यास

prakritik gyas

natural gas

Gr 7
जीवावशेष

jiwabashesh

fossil

literally “remains of life”

Gr 7
समुद्री सतह

samudri satah

sea level

Gr 7
महामारी

mahamari

epidemic

literally “great death”

Gr 8
अतिवृष्टि

atibrishti

very heavy rain

literally “too much rain”

Gr 8
समुद्री हावा

samudri hawa

sea breeze

Gr 8
जमिनको हावा

jaminko hawa

land breeze

Gr 8
आँधीबेहरी

andhibehari

thunderstorm

Gr 8
क्षितिज

kshitij

horizon

Gr 8
भूत्वक

bhutwak

crust (of the Earth)

literally “earth skin”

Gr 8
भूगर्भ विज्ञान

bhugarbha bigyan

geology

literally “the science of the earth’s inside”

Gr 8
खनिज विज्ञान

khanij bigyan

mineralogy

Gr 8
धातुजन्य खनिज

dhatujanya khanij

metallic minerals

Gr 8
अधातुजन्य खनिज

adhatujanya khanij

non-metallic minerals

Gr 8
भूमिगत पानी

bhumigat pani

groundwater

literally “water gone into the ground”

Gr 8
जलभृत

jalabhrit

aquifer

literally “water-filled”

Gr 10
भूबनोट

bhubanot

topography

literally “shape of the land”

Gr 8
भौगर्भिक समय तालिका

bhaugarbhik samay talika

geological time scale

Gr 8
आर्द्रता

ardrata

humidity

literally “wetness”

Gr 9
निम्नमण्डल

nimnamandal

troposphere

literally “lower circle”

Gr 9
समताप मण्डल

samatap mandal

stratosphere

literally “circle of even heat”

Gr 9
हिमपहिरो

himpahiro

avalanche

literally “snow landslide”

Gr 9
ज्वारभाटा

jwarbhata

tides

Gr 9
तटीय क्षेत्र

tatiya kshetra

coastal area

Gr 9
हरितगृह प्रभाव

haritgriha prabhab

greenhouse effect

literally “green-house effect”

Gr 9
विश्व उष्णीकरण

bishwa ushnikaran

global warming

literally “warming of the world”; Grade 10 also says विश्वव्यापी उष्णता

Gr 9
तुवाँलो

tuwanlo

smog, haze

Gr 9
वृक्षरेखा

brikshrekha

tree line

Gr 10

Space अन्तरिक्ष

सूर्य

surya

Sun

Gr 1
चन्द्रकला

chandrakala

phases of the Moon

Gr 4
औँसी

aunsi

new moon

Gr 1
पूर्णिमा

purnima

full moon

Gr 2
शुक्लपक्ष

shuklapaksha

waxing half of the month

literally “bright half”

Gr 5
कृष्णपक्ष

krishnapaksha

waning half of the month

literally “dark half”

Gr 5
चन्द्रमा

chandrama

Moon

Gr 2
तारा

tara

star

Gr 2
सौर्यमण्डल

sauryamandal

solar system

literally “circle of the Sun”

Gr 5
ग्रह

graha

planet

Gr 4
बुध

budha

Mercury

Gr 5
शुक्र

shukra

Venus

Gr 5
मङ्गल

mangal

Mars

Gr 5
बृहस्पति

brihaspati

Jupiter

Gr 5
शनि

shani

Saturn

Gr 5
अरुण

arun

Uranus

Gr 3
वरुण

barun

Neptune

Gr 5
यम

yam

Pluto

Gr 7
अन्तरिक्ष

antariksha

space

Gr 4
ब्रह्माण्ड

brahmanda

universe

literally “Brahma’s egg”

Gr 4
राशि

rashi

zodiac

Gr 4
मेष

mesh

Aries

literally “ram”

Gr 8
वृष

brish

Taurus

literally “bull”

Gr 8
मिथुन

mithun

Gemini

literally “pair”

Gr 8
कर्कट

karkat

Cancer (constellation)

literally “crab”

Gr 8
सिंह

simha

Leo

literally “lion”

Gr 8
कन्या

kanya

Virgo

literally “maiden”

Gr 8
तुला

tula

Libra

literally “scales”

Gr 8
वृश्चिक

brishchik

Scorpius

literally “scorpion”

Gr 8
धनु

dhanu

Sagittarius

literally “bow”

Gr 8
मकर

makar

Capricornus

literally “sea-goat”

Gr 8
कुम्भ

kumbha

Aquarius

literally “water pot”

Gr 8
मीन

min

Pisces

literally “fish”

Gr 8
कक्ष

kaksha

orbit

literally “room, track”

Gr 4
उपग्रह

upagraha

satellite

literally “sub-planet”

Gr 5
कृत्रिम भूउपग्रह

kritrim bhuupagraha

artificial satellite

literally “made earth-satellite”

Gr 9
शिशुग्रह

shishugraha

also क्षुद्रग्रहkshudragraha

asteroid

literally “baby planet”; Grade 9 also calls dwarf planets शिशु ग्रह

Gr 5
उल्का

ulka

meteor, shooting star

Gr 5
उल्कापिण्ड

ulkapinda

meteorite

literally “meteor lump”

Gr 5
उल्का वर्षा

ulka barsha

meteor shower

literally “meteor rain”

Gr 8
चन्द्रमास

chandramas

lunar month

literally “moon month”

Gr 5
नक्षत्र मास

nakshatra mas

sidereal month

literally “star month”

Gr 7
मलमास

malmas

leap month

Gr 7
ग्रहण

grahan

eclipse

literally “seizing”

Gr 6
चन्द्रग्रहण

chandragrahan

lunar eclipse

Gr 7
सूर्यग्रहण

suryagrahan

solar eclipse

Gr 7
ध्रुवतारा

dhrubatara

Pole Star

literally “fixed star”

Gr 6
पुच्छ्रे तारा

puchchhre tara

comet

literally “star with a tail”

Gr 6
खगोल विज्ञान

khagol bigyan

astronomy

literally “the science of the sky sphere”

Gr 8
खगोलविद्

khagolbid

astronomer

Gr 9
सौर्य आँधी

saurya andhi

solar wind

literally “sun storm”

Gr 8
नेबुला

nebula

nebula

Nepali’s own word: निहारिका niharika, literally “misty one”

Gr 8
खगोलीय

khagoliya

celestial

literally “of the sky”

Gr 8
खगोलीय पिण्ड

khagoliya pinda

celestial body

Gr 8
तारापुञ्ज

tarapunja

galaxy

literally “heap of stars”

Gr 8
आकाशगङ्गा

akashganga

Milky Way

literally “the Ganga of the sky”

Gr 8
कालो छिद्र

kalo chhidra

black hole

literally “black hole”

Gr 8
तारामण्डल

taramandal

constellation

literally “circle of stars”

Gr 8
सप्तर्षि

saptarshi

the Big Dipper

literally “the seven sages”

Gr 8
कालपुरुष

kalpurush

Orion

Gr 9
रविमार्ग

rabimarg

ecliptic

literally “the Sun’s path”

Gr 8
ग्रहाणु परिकल्पना

grahanu parikalpana

planetesimal hypothesis

literally “tiny-planet idea”

Gr 8
पृथ्वीकेन्द्रित सिद्धान्त

prithwikendrit siddhanta

geocentric theory

literally “Earth at the centre”

Gr 9
सूर्यकेन्द्रित सिद्धान्त

suryakendrit siddhanta

heliocentric theory

literally “Sun at the centre”

Gr 9
अन्तरिक्ष यात्री

antariksha yatri

astronaut

literally “space traveller”

Gr 10
ब्रह्माण्ड विज्ञान

brahmanda bigyan

cosmology

literally “the science of the universe”

Gr 10
प्रकाशवर्ष

prakashbarsha

light-year

Gr 10
महासङ्कुचन

mahasankuchan

big crunch

literally “great shrinking”

Gr 10

Environment

Environment वातावरण

वातावरण

batabaran

environment

literally “what surrounds”

Gr 1
प्रकोप

prakop

hazard

Gr 1
विपद्

bipad

disaster

Gr 4
जोखिम

jokhim

risk

Gr 4
बलौटे माटो

balaute mato

sandy soil

Gr 2
चिम्टाइलो माटो

chimtailo mato

clay soil

literally “sticky soil”

Gr 1
दोमट माटो

domat mato

loamy soil

Gr 9
चिडियाखाना

chidiyakhana

zoo

Gr 2
वनस्पति उद्यान

banaspati udyan

botanical garden

Gr 8
बिउ बैङ्क

biu bank

seed bank

Gr 8
सामुदायिक वन

samudayik ban

community forest

Gr 2
संरक्षण

sanrakshan

conservation

literally “protecting”

Gr 2
जैविक विविधताको संरक्षण

jaibik bibidhatako sanrakshan

conservation of biodiversity

Gr 8
स्वस्थानीय संरक्षण

swasthaniya sanrakshan

in-situ conservation

literally “protecting in its own place”

Gr 8
परस्थानीय संरक्षण

parasthaniya sanrakshan

ex-situ conservation

literally “protecting in another place”

Gr 8
वासस्थान

basasthan

habitat

literally “living place”

Gr 2
मल

mal

fertiliser

Gr 2
रासायनिक मल

rasayanik mal

also अप्राङ्गारिक मलaprangarik mal

chemical fertiliser

Gr 6
प्राङ्गारिक मल

prangarik mal

also जैविक मलjaibik mal

organic fertiliser, manure

Gr 9
कम्पोस्ट मल

kampost mal

compost

Gr 6
हरियो मल

hariyo mal

green manure

Gr 9
सिँचाइ

sinchai

irrigation

Gr 2
जनसङ्ख्या

jansankhya

population

literally “number of people”

Gr 3
वृक्षरोपण

brikshropan

afforestation

literally “planting trees”

Gr 3
वन विनाश

ban binash

deforestation

literally “destroying forests”

Gr 9
उत्पादक

utpadak

producer

Gr 6
उपभोक्ता

upabhokta

consumer

Gr 3
प्राथमिक उपभोक्ता

prathamik upabhokta

primary consumer

Gr 6
द्वितीय उपभोक्ता

dwitiya upabhokta

secondary consumer

Gr 6
तृतीय उपभोक्ता

tritiya upabhokta

tertiary consumer

Gr 6
विच्छेदक

bichchhedak

decomposer

literally “breaker-apart”

Gr 6
न्यूनीकरण

nyunikaran

reduce

literally “making less”

Gr 3
पुनः प्रयोग

punah prayog

reuse

Gr 3
पुनः चक्रण

punah chakran

recycle

literally “going round again”

Gr 6
फोहोर व्यवस्थापन

phohor byabasthapan

waste management

Gr 3
विषादी

bishadi

pesticide

Gr 3
कीटनाशक विषादी

kitnashak bishadi

insecticide

literally “insect-killing poison”

Gr 6
ढुसीनाशक विषादी

dhusinashak bishadi

fungicide

literally “fungus-killing poison”

Gr 10
झारपातनाशक विषादी

jharpatnashak bishadi

herbicide, weedicide

literally “weed-killing poison”

Gr 10
मुसानाशक विषादी

musanashak bishadi

rodenticide

literally “rat-killing poison”

Gr 10
जैविक विषादी

jaibik bishadi

biological pesticide

Gr 9
जैविक

jaibik

biotic

literally “living”

Gr 3
अजैविक

ajaibik

abiotic

literally “non-living”

Gr 5
सहरीकरण

saharikaran

urbanisation

Gr 4
लोप

lop

extinct

literally “vanished”

Gr 5
लोपोन्मुख

loponmukh

endangered

literally “facing vanishing”

Gr 8
सङ्कटासन्न

sankatasanna

vulnerable (species)

literally “near danger”

Gr 10
सिकार

sikar

prey, hunting

Gr 5
जैविक विविधता

jaibik bibidhata

biodiversity

Gr 6
प्रजातिगत विविधता

prajatigat bibidhata

species diversity

Gr 8
आनुवंशिक विविधता

anubanshik bibidhata

genetic diversity

Gr 9
प्रजातिगत धनीपन

prajatigat dhanipan

species richness

Gr 8
वातावरणमैत्री

batabaranmaitri

environment-friendly

Gr 6
ठोस फोहोर

thos phohor

solid waste

Gr 6
पारिस्थितिक प्रणाली

paristhitik pranali

ecosystem

Gr 6
जीवावशेष इन्धन

jiwabashesh indhan

fossil fuel

literally “fuel from the remains of life”

Gr 7
दिगो विकास

digo bikas

sustainable development

literally “lasting development”

Gr 8
अत्यधिक चरिचरन

atyadhik charicharan

overgrazing

literally “too much grazing”

Gr 8
औद्योगिकीकरण

audyogikikaran

industrialisation

Gr 8
मरुभूमीकरण

marubhumikaran

desertification

literally “turning into desert”

Gr 8
राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज

rashtriya nikunja

national park

Gr 8
वन्यजन्तु आरक्ष

banyajantu araksha

wildlife reserve

Gr 8
सिकार आरक्ष

sikar araksha

hunting reserve

Gr 8
संरक्षण क्षेत्र

sanrakshan kshetra

conservation area

Gr 8
मध्यवर्ती क्षेत्र

madhyabarti kshetra

buffer zone

literally “area in between”

Gr 10
प्रदूषक

pradushak

pollutant

Gr 8
अम्लीय वर्षा

amliya barsha

acid rain

Gr 8
पारिस्थितिक विज्ञान

paristhitik bigyan

ecology

Gr 9
प्रतिस्पर्धा

pratispardha

competition

Gr 9
खाद्यशृङ्खला

khadyashrinkhala

food chain

Gr 9
खाद्यजाल

khadyajal

food web

Gr 9
खाद्य स्तर

khadya star

trophic level

literally “food level”

Gr 9
वर्षा वन

barsha ban

rain forest

Gr 9
पतझर वन

patjhar ban

deciduous forest

literally “leaf-fall forest”

Gr 9
रासायनिक संश्लेषण

rasayanik sanshleshan

chemosynthesis

Gr 9
कृषि वन

krishi ban

agroforestry

literally “farm forest”

Gr 9
पानी निर्मलीकरण

pani nirmalikaran

water purification

literally “making water clean”

Gr 9
हरित पेटी

harit peti

green belt

Gr 9
हरितगृह ग्यास

haritgriha gyas

greenhouse gas

Gr 9
कृत्रिम हरितगृह प्रभाव

kritrim haritgriha prabhab

artificial greenhouse effect

Gr 10
पारिस्थितिक पदचिह्न

paristhitik padchihna

ecological footprint

Gr 9
पर्यापर्यटन

paryaparyatan

eco-tourism

Gr 9
जैविक खेती

jaibik kheti

organic farming

Gr 9
मिश्रित खेती

mishrit kheti

mixed cropping

Gr 9
मिचाहा प्रजाति

michaha prajati

invasive species

literally “trespassing species”

Gr 10
बाली चक्र

bali chakra

crop rotation

literally “crop wheel”

Gr 10
पोषक चक्र

poshak chakra

nutrient cycle

Gr 10
शत्रुजीव

shatrujiw

pest

literally “enemy creature”

Gr 10
एकीकृत शत्रुजीव व्यवस्थापन

ekikrit shatrujiw byabasthapan

integrated pest management (IPM)

Gr 10
परागसेचक

paragsechak

pollinators

literally “pollen sprinklers”

Gr 10
पूर्वसूचना प्रणाली

purbasuchana pranali

early warning system

Gr 10
हिमताल विस्फोट बाढी

himtal bisphot badhi

glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF)

Gr 10

Word builder शब्द बनाउने टुक्रा

Many of these words are built from a few pieces. Learn that वर्ग is a square and मूल a root, and वर्गमूल, the square root, explains itself.

वर्ग barga

square
- वर्ग square (of a number)
- वर्गमूल square root
- वर्ग समीकरण quadratic equation
घन ghan

cube; dense, solid
- घन cube (of a number)
- घनमूल cube root
- घनत्व density
मूल mul

root
- वर्गमूल square root
- घनमूल cube root
- मूलधन principal
भुज bhuj

arm, side
- भुजा side
- त्रिभुज triangle
- चतुर्भुज quadrilateral
- पञ्चभुज pentagon
- षड्भुज hexagon
- अष्टभुज octagon
- बहुभुज polygon
कोण kon

corner, angle
- कोण angle
- समकोण right angle
- न्यूनकोण acute angle
- अधिककोण obtuse angle
- त्रिकोणमिति trigonometry
- चरम कोण critical angle
सम sam

equal, same
- समकोण right angle
- समबाहु त्रिभुज equilateral triangle
- समानान्तर रेखा parallel lines
- समीकरण equation
- समरूप similar
- सममिति symmetry
- समानुपात proportion
एक ek

one
- एकाइ unit
- एकपदीय monomial
- एककोषीय unicellular
- एकदलीय monocot
द्वि dwi

two
- द्विपदीय binomial
- समद्विबाहु त्रिभुज isosceles triangle
त्रि tri

three
- त्रिभुज triangle
- त्रिपदीय trinomial
- त्रिकोणमिति trigonometry
बहु bahu

many
- बहुभुज polygon
- बहुपदीय polynomial
- बहुकोषीय multicellular
अर्ध ardha

half
- अर्धव्यास radius
- अर्धवृत्त semicircle
- अर्धगोला hemisphere
- अर्धधातु metalloid
- अर्धपारदर्शी translucent
- अर्धसुचालक semiconductor
अ a

not (at the front of a word)
- अचल राशि constant
- अनानुपातिक सङ्ख्या irrational number
- अधातु non-metal
- अघुलनशील insoluble
- अपारदर्शी opaque
- अचुम्बकीय non-magnetic
- अमैथुनिक प्रजनन asexual reproduction
- अजैविक abiotic
- असन्तुलित बल unbalanced force
- अनियमित परावर्तन diffuse reflection
- अस्थायी चुम्बक temporary magnet
- अधात्विक गुण non-metallic character
- अनिद्रा insomnia
सु / कु su / ku

good / bad
- सुचालक conductor
- कुचालक insulator
- कुपोषण malnutrition
फल phal

fruit, so “result”
- योगफल sum
- गुणनफल product
- भागफल quotient
- क्षेत्रफल area
अङ्क anka

number, mark
- अङ्क digit
- पूर्णाङ्क integer
- घाताङ्क exponent, power
- गुणाङ्क coefficient
- निर्देशाङ्क coordinates
- हिमाङ्क freezing point
मिति miti

measuring
- ज्यामिति geometry
- त्रिकोणमिति trigonometry
- क्षेत्रमिति mensuration
- परिमिति perimeter
- सममिति symmetry
त्व / ता twa / ta

-ness (like “dense” → “density”)
- घनत्व density
- जडत्व inertia
- गुरुत्व gravity
- चुम्बकत्व magnetism
- आर्द्रता humidity
- संयुज्यता valency
- बारम्बारता frequency
- सम्भाव्यता probability
- निरन्तरता continuity
- सक्रियता reactivity
- घुलनशीलता solubility
- ज्वलनशीलता combustibility
विज्ञान bigyan

science (“special knowledge”)
- विज्ञान science
- जीव विज्ञान biology
- रसायन विज्ञान chemistry
- खगोल विज्ञान astronomy
- धातु विज्ञान metallurgy
- कोष विज्ञान cytology
- खनिज विज्ञान mineralogy
- भूगर्भ विज्ञान geology
- ब्रह्माण्ड विज्ञान cosmology
- पारिस्थितिक विज्ञान ecology
करण karan

making, -ization
- वाष्पीकरण evaporation
- द्रवीकरण condensation
- वर्गीकरण classification
- सरलीकरण simplification
- खण्डीकरण factorisation
- विस्तारीकरण enlargement
- क्षयीकरण weathering
- सहरीकरण urbanisation
- समीकरण equation
- आयोनीकरण ionisation
- मरुभूमीकरण desertification
- निर्मलीकरण sterilisation
- प्रजातीकरण speciation
जीव jiw

life, living thing
- जीव organism
- सजीव living things
- निर्जीव non-living things
- जीव विज्ञान biology
- जीवावशेष fossil
- सूक्ष्म जीव micro-organism
- परजीवी parasite
- सहजीवता symbiosis
- जीवमण्डल biosphere
- बाह्य परजीवी ectoparasite
- पूर्ण परजीवी obligate parasite
कोष kosh

cell
- कोष cell
- कोषझिल्ली cell membrane
- कोष भित्ता cell wall
- एककोषीय unicellular
- बहुकोषीय multicellular
- राता रक्तकोष red blood cell
- मातृकोष mother cell
- सन्तति कोष daughter cell
- लैङ्गिक कोष gamete
- रक्तकोष blood cells (corpuscles)
दल dal

leaf, petal
- पत्रदल calyx (the sepals)
- पुष्पदल corolla (the petals)
- एकदलीय monocot
- दुईदलीय dicot
नली nali

tube
- रक्तनली blood vessel
- श्वासनली windpipe
- अन्ननली food pipe, oesophagus
- नलीविहीन ग्रन्थि endocrine gland
- केशनली capillary tube
- परागनली pollen tube
- डिम्बवाहिनी नली fallopian tube
भू bhu

earth, land
- भूकम्प earthquake
- भूक्षय soil erosion
- भूत्वक crust (of the Earth)
- भूमध्य रेखा equator
- कृत्रिम भूउपग्रह artificial satellite
- भूगर्भ विज्ञान geology
जल jal

water
- जलचक्र water cycle
- जलवायु climate
- जलविद्युत् hydroelectricity
- जल प्रदूषण water pollution
- जलाशय reservoir
- जलीय aquatic
हिम him

snow, ice
- हिमाङ्क freezing point
- हिमनदी glacier
- हिमताल glacial lake
- हिमपहिरो avalanche
वायु bayu

air
- वायुमण्डल atmosphere
- जलवायु climate
- वायु प्रदूषण air pollution
मण्डल mandal

circle, realm
- वायुमण्डल atmosphere
- स्थलमण्डल lithosphere
- जलमण्डल hydrosphere
- जीवमण्डल biosphere
- सौर्यमण्डल solar system
- तारामण्डल constellation
- समताप मण्डल stratosphere
ग्रह graha

planet (“the seizer”)
- ग्रह planet
- उपग्रह satellite
- शिशुग्रह asteroid
- ग्रहण eclipse
- ग्रहाणु परिकल्पना planetesimal hypothesis
दर्शी darshi

seeing
- पारदर्शी transparent
- अर्धपारदर्शी translucent
- अपारदर्शी opaque
अणु anu

tiny bit
- अणु molecule
- परमाणु atom
- कीटाणु germ
- जीवाणु bacteria
- विषाणु virus
दूर dur

far
- दूरी distance
- दूरबिन telescope, binoculars
- दूरभाष telephone
- दूरदर्शन television
- दूरदृष्टि long-sightedness
- अदूरदृष्टि short-sightedness
यन्त्र yantra

machine
- यन्त्र machine
- सरल यन्त्र simple machine
- सूक्ष्मदर्शक यन्त्र microscope
- दिशासूचक यन्त्र compass
- यन्त्रमानव robot
चुम्बक chumbak

magnet
- चुम्बक magnet
- चुम्बकत्व magnetism
- चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र magnetic field
- विद्युत् चुम्बक electromagnet
- अचुम्बकीय non-magnetic
- छड चुम्बक bar magnet
- स्थायी चुम्बक permanent magnet
- प्राकृतिक चुम्बक natural magnet
उप upa

sub-, smaller
- उपग्रह satellite
- उपधमनी arteriole
- उपशिरा venule
- उपपारमाणविक कण sub-atomic particles
नाशक nashak

killer, destroyer
- कीटनाशक विषादी insecticide
- ढुसीनाशक विषादी fungicide
- झारपातनाशक विषादी herbicide, weedicide
- मुसानाशक विषादी rodenticide
तन्तु tantu

tissue (“thread”)
- तन्तु tissue
- वनस्पति तन्तु plant tissue
- जन्तु तन्तु animal tissue
- स्थायी तन्तु permanent tissue
- सरल तन्तु simple tissue
- जटिल तन्तु complex tissue
- संयोजी तन्तु connective tissue
- मांसपेशी तन्तु muscular tissue
परिवृत्ति paribritti

variation
- परिवृत्ति variation
- अनुकूल परिवृत्ति favourable variation
- प्रतिकूल परिवृत्ति unfavourable variation
- निरन्तर परिवृत्ति continuous variation
- अनिरन्तर परिवृत्ति discontinuous variation
जगत् jagat

world, kingdom
- जगत् kingdom
- वनस्पति जगत् plant kingdom
- जन्तु जगत् animal kingdom
- दुई जगत् प्रणाली two-kingdom system
- पाँच जगत् वर्गीकरण प्रणाली five-kingdom system
केन्द्र kendra

centre
- केन्द्र centre
- गुरुत्वकेन्द्र centre of gravity
- केन्द्रबिन्दु epicentre
- केन्द्रीकरण बिन्दु principal focus
- केन्द्रीकरण ऐना converging mirror
- पृथ्वीकेन्द्रित सिद्धान्त geocentric theory
- सूर्यकेन्द्रित सिद्धान्त heliocentric theory

Every word here has been checked against Nepal’s textbooks and the Nepali Brihat Shabdakosh, but the list has not yet been reviewed by subject experts. Where your textbook or teacher uses a different word, follow them, and if you find a mistake, please tell us.