Exam practice

Cc: carbon copy. Bcc: blind carbon copy. PDF: Portable Document Format. OCR: optical character recognition. dpi: dots per inch. COD: cash on delivery. KYC: know your customer. G2C: government to citizen.

Making a line bold changes only how it looks: the word processor still treats it as ordinary text. Giving it a heading style (Heading 1, Heading 2) both formats it and marks it as a heading.
In a long report this matters because the word processor can then build the table of contents automatically, with the right page numbers, and update it when pages move; change every heading’s look at once by changing the style; show the headings in a navigation pane; and let a screen reader jump from section to section. None of this works with headings that are only bold.

Cc (carbon copy)	Bcc (blind carbon copy)
sends a copy to people who should know about the email	sends a copy that no other reader can see was sent
every reader can see who was copied	nobody sees the Bcc addresses, not even the other Bcc readers
Reply all reaches them	Reply all doesn’t reach them
example: copying your parent on an email to your teacher about an absence	example: a notice sent to 40 parents who don’t know each other, so their addresses stay private

A model answer (any email with these parts gets full marks):
Subject: Absence on 16 Kartik, Bibek Tamang, Class 9 A

Dear Ms. Gurung,

I am writing to let you know that I was absent from school yesterday, Sunday, 16 Kartik, because I had a fever. I am feeling better now and am back at school today.

Could you please tell me what homework I missed? I will finish it and copy the notes from a classmate.

Thank you for your understanding.

Best regards,
Bibek Tamang
Class 9 A

Marks for: a clear subject; a greeting; the reason and the date; the request; a polite close; the name and class; formal, correct words.

Reply sends your answer only to the person who sent the email. Reply all sends it to the sender and everyone in To and Cc. Forward sends the whole email, with any attachments, to someone new.
Reply all is a mistake when only the sender needs your answer: for example, answering “Thank you” or “Yes, I will come” to a notice the school sent to the whole class or to hundreds of parents, which would fill everyone’s inbox.

1. Open a scanning app and scan page 1; check that it found the page’s corners, then crop and straighten if needed.
2. Add page 2 to the same scan.
3. Choose grayscale (black text needs no color) and a resolution of about 150 to 200 dpi.
4. Check the order of the pages and that both are the right way up.
5. Save as one PDF with a clear name, such as 2083-marksheet-asmita-rai.pdf.
6. Check the file size; if it is over 500 KB, scan again at a lower resolution or compress the PDF.
7. Open the PDF and zoom in to check that every word, number, stamp and signature can be read.
8. Attach it to the email or the form.

E-governance is the government’s use of computers, the internet and mobile phones to give its services and information to people, businesses, other offices and its own staff.
Merits (any two): services are faster, with less travel and paperwork; they are open at any time; it is more transparent, since people can see the rules and track their applications; fewer chances for bribes; equal access for people far from offices.
Limitations (any two): the digital divide (not everyone has a phone, internet or electricity); many people lack the skills to use the services; system failures can stop everyone; a breach can expose many people’s data; fake websites can copy the real ones.
Examples in Nepal (any two): the Nagarik App; applying for a passport through the online pre-enrollment form; personal PAN registration through the Inland Revenue Department’s Taxpayer Portal; Lok Sewa Aayog’s online applications; SEE results published online.

Merits (any two): shopping from home at any hour; comparing prices and reading reviews; buying things not sold nearby; delivery to the door; small sellers can reach buyers anywhere.
Limitations (any two): what arrives may differ from the picture; fake shops and fraud; late delivery and delivery costs; the buyer can’t try the thing first; it depends on the internet.
Cash on delivery helps because the buyer pays only when the parcel arrives, so a shop that never sends anything gets nothing. It doesn’t help if the buyer must pay before opening the parcel and the item turns out to be wrong, broken or fake; then the buyer must rely on the shop’s return policy.

The message may be a scam: real offices don’t send payment codes from personal numbers, and scanning a stranger’s QR code pays whoever owns it. A screenshot proves nothing to anyone, since it can be faked, and it gives no transaction record the office can match.
He should open the board’s official site himself (an address ending in .gov.np, typed in or taken from the board’s own notice), pay through the payment page of the form, check the name and amount before entering his PIN in his own app, and keep the receipt with its transaction ID and the form’s reference number.

• Permissions: share the document by name with the group as editors, and with the teacher as a commenter or viewer; don’t share it as “anyone with the link can edit”.
• Comments: ask questions and point out problems in others’ sections with comments, using @name to send them to the right person, and resolve each one once it is dealt with.
• Suggestions: change words in someone else’s section in suggesting mode, so they can accept or reject each change.
• Version history: go back to an earlier version if something is deleted or spoiled, and see who wrote which part, so everyone’s work is seen and the group work is honest.

Also: agree at the start who writes which section and by when, and comment on the work kindly.

Make a new, sensible address with her real name, such as firstname.surname, for applications, school and work, and keep it for years. The people reading an application see the address first and may judge her by it; a serious address shows she is serious. It will also be the address for her other accounts’ recovery, so she should protect it with a strong password and two-step login.