Final Exam Model Paper 3

(Any two.)

• a.Packaged software: it is ready-made for everyone, for a common task (writing documents), and used as it is.
• b.Customized software: it was made to order for the particular needs of that one cooperative.

a. Make groups of 4 bits from the right, adding 0s on the left to fill the last group, and write each group as one hexadecimal digit:

So (1011011)₂ = (5B)₁₆.

b. A = 10 and B = 11. Multiply each digit by its place value (powers of 16) and add:
10 × 16¹ + 11 × 16⁰ = 160 + 11 = 171
So (AB)₁₆ = (171)₁₀.

a.

  1 0 1 1 0+   1 1 1 1-----------1 0 0 1 0 1

From the right: 0 + 1 = 1; 1 + 1 = 10 (0, carry 1); 1 + 1 + 1 = 11 (1, carry 1); 0 + 1 + 1 = 10 (0, carry 1); 1 + 1 = 10 (0, carry 1); the last carry goes in front. So the sum is (100101)₂. Check: 22 + 15 = 37.

b.

  1 0 0 0 1 1-     1 1 0 1-------------  0 1 0 1 1 0

From the right: 1 − 1 = 0; 1 − 0 = 1; 0 − 1 needs a borrow, which comes from the 1 three places to the left, through two 0s that become 1s: 10 − 1 = 1; then 1 − 1 = 0; 1 − 0 = 1; the first 1 lent, leaving 0. So the difference is (10110)₂. Check: 35 − 13 = 22.

<!DOCTYPE html><html>  <head>    <title>My village</title>    <style>      h1 { color: green; text-align: center; }      p { font-size: 18px; }    </style>  </head>  <body>    <h1>Welcome to Kagbeni</h1>    <p>Our village is on the bank of the Kali Gandaki.</p>  </body></html>

Internal CSS goes in a <style> tag inside <head>; its rules then style every <h1> and every <p> of the page.

A search engine is a website that finds web pages from the keywords you type, by crawling the web, indexing the pages and ranking them. Examples: Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo.
The - (NOT) operator leaves out pages with the word after it: momo recipe -chicken shows momo recipes that don’t mention chicken (for example vegetable or buffalo momos), while momo recipe shows all momo recipes, chicken ones included.

Any two, each with its reason:

• Join on time, with your real name showing, so the teacher knows who is present and the lesson isn’t interrupted.
• Keep your microphone muted when you aren’t speaking, to cut background noise for everyone.
• Use raise hand or the chat to ask a question, so people don’t talk over each other.
• Never record the class or take screenshots of people without permission, to respect their privacy.
• Dress and sit as you would in school, with light in front of you and a plain background, to keep the class respectful and easy to follow.
• Share the meeting link only with the class, so strangers can’t join.

A flowchart is a pictorial (graphical) representation of an algorithm: each kind of step is drawn as its own shape, joined by arrows (flow lines) that show which step comes next.

• Decision: a diamond, with two ways out, Yes and No.
• Input or output: a parallelogram, for reading a value or displaying a result.

import mathstudents = int(input("Number of students: "))benches = math.ceil(students / 3)print("Benches needed:", benches)

Number of students: 40Benches needed: 14

40 ÷ 3 = 13.33, and math.ceil() rounds up to 14, since the student left over still needs a bench. ((students + 2) // 3, or students // 3 plus 1 when students % 3 is not 0, also work.)

A computer is an electronic device that accepts data (input), processes it according to a set of instructions stored in it, gives out the result as information (output), and stores data and information for later use.

Features (any three):

• Speed: it carries out billions of instructions every second.
• Accuracy: it does every calculation exactly; wrong results come from wrong data or a wrong program (garbage in, garbage out).
• Diligence: it does the same task again and again for hours without getting tired or careless.
• Versatility: it can do many different kinds of work, given different programs.
• Storage: it keeps huge amounts of data and programs, and finds any of it in a moment.
• Automatic: once given its program and data, it does the whole task by itself.

3, 2, then 4 and 1 inside block 2:

• 3, when green flag clicked (Events): the hat block that starts the script, on top.
• 2, repeat 4 (Control): a C block that runs the blocks inside it four times.
• 4, move 100 steps (Motion), inside the repeat.
• 1, turn ↻ 90 degrees (Motion), inside the repeat, under the move.

Four sides and four quarter turns make a square: 4 × 90° = 360°, one full turn, so the sprite ends where it started.

Cybersecurity is the protection of computer systems, networks and data from theft, damage, unauthorized access and cyberattacks, so that information stays private (confidentiality), correct (integrity) and there when needed (availability).

Any three methods:

• Use strong passwords: long (a passphrase of random words), with no names, dates or sequences, and a different one for every account, never shared.
• Multi-factor authentication (MFA): logging in needs two different kinds of proof, such as a password and a code on your phone, so a stolen password alone isn’t enough.
• Software updates: keep the operating system, apps and antivirus up to date, since updates close the holes attackers use.
• Firewall: it filters the connections into and out of a computer, blocking those its rules don’t allow.
• Antivirus: finds and removes malware on the device.

rain = [12, 65, 30, 80, 0, 55, 20]total = sum(rain)highest = max(rain)heavy = 0for mm in rain:    if mm > 50:        heavy = heavy + 1print("Total rainfall:", total, "mm")print("Highest in a day:", highest, "mm")print("Days with more than 50 mm:", heavy)

Total rainfall: 262 mmHighest in a day: 80 mmDays with more than 50 mm: 3

(A loop that adds up the total and finds the highest is also correct.)