Final Exam Model Paper 4

str(): str(15) gives "15", and "Day " + str(15) gives "Day 15".

A string in triple quotes on the first line of a function’s body, saying what the function does; Python keeps it as the function’s documentation, and help() shows it.

It changes what happened: the photo now shows a program without someone who was there, and readers trust a news photo to show the event as it was. Honest edits only show more clearly what was really there.

A button has only two states, pressed or not (True or False). Light can be any amount in a range, from dark to bright, which the sensor measures as a number from 0 to 255.

h2 {  color: rgb(139, 69, 19);}

(The same color in hex, #8b4513, is just as right.)

A third of 3,000 is 1,000, so the lines are 1,000 and 2,000 pixels from the left edge.

range(1, 15) stops before 15, so it gives 1 to 14. It should be range(1, 16).

No. What is typed into a chatbot may be kept by the company, read by people who check the AI, and used to train the next model. A bank statement is private information about another person. He could make the budget himself, or ask the chatbot for a general plan with made-up numbers and nothing that tells who they are.

• i.A name can’t start with a digit. (Python stops with a SyntaxError on line 1 before running anything.)
• ii.class is one of Python’s keywords, its own words, which can’t be names. Allowed names: for example first_gift and grade (or class_8).

i. ** is “to the power of”: 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 81.

In round 4 it reaches 81 people

ii. 3 + 9 + 27 + 81:

print(3 + 3 ** 2 + 3 ** 3 + 3 ** 4)

120

i. Arguments are given to parameters in order: person gets "Dashain" and festival gets "Sita".

Happy Sita, Dashain!

ii. The arguments are in the wrong order. Line 4 should be print(wish("Sita", "Dashain")), which prints Happy Dashain, Sita!.

i. A number can’t go above 255, so the editor stops it there.

• (180, 175, 170) × 1.4 = (252, 245, 238).
• (200, 195, 190) × 1.4 = (280, 273, 266), stopped at (255, 255, 255).

ii. (210, 205, 200) × 1.4 = (294, 287, 280), also stopped at (255, 255, 255). The two pixels were slightly different before; now they are exactly the same pure white. The light parts of the wall are clipped: the differences that showed its texture are gone, and no slider can bring them back. She should brighten less, or go back to the original photo.

• i.A reading near the threshold goes a little up and down (31, 32, 31, 32…), and every time it crosses 31 the program switches the fan on or off.
• ii.Switch on above a higher threshold (say 32 °C) and off only below a lower one (say 30 °C), and in between leave it as it is. The program remembers in a variable whether the fan is on. Small changes near one number then don’t switch it.

Data sovereignty is the idea that data about a country’s people should be under that country’s own laws.
It matters because most big apps keep their data in data centers abroad: there, that country’s courts and police may be able to ask for the data, and Nepal’s law may be hard to use to protect it. (For the same reason, many countries ask that government records, and sometimes banking and health data, be kept inside the country.)

Not as it is. First, an image generator learned mostly from pictures from other countries, so it may draw the tika, the clothes or the house wrongly; someone who knows the festival must check it. Second, it is not a photo of a real family, so the cover must say it was made with AI, never pass it off as a photo or as a student’s drawing. (A photo or drawing by the students themselves would show their own Dashain.)

i.

best_name = ""best_swings = 0name = input("Name (or done): ")while name != "done":    swings = int(input(f"Swings by {name}: "))    if swings > best_swings:        best_name = name        best_swings = swings    name = input("Name (or done): ")print("Most swings:", best_name, "with", best_swings)

Name (or done): SitaSwings by Sita: 14Name (or done): HariSwings by Hari: 21Name (or done): NimaSwings by Nima: 17Name (or done): doneMost swings: Hari with 21

ii. Nobody knows in advance how many children will have a turn: a while loop repeats until a condition (here, typing done) says stop, while a for loop needs to know how many times to run.

i.

• ii.It outputs 4: the number of days he saves before he has at least Rs 100. (day is already 5, the next day, when the loop ends, which is why it outputs day - 1.)
• iii.The WHILE is a decision, a diamond, with Yes and No; the OUTPUT is input or output, a parallelogram.

• i.The five days come in an order, one after the other, so a numbered (ordered) list fits: the browser numbers them 1 to 5. A <ul>, with bullets, is for things in no special order.
• ii.Yes. It is only decoration and tells the visitor nothing, so an empty alt="" lets a screen reader skip it instead of reading out a file name.
• iii.The words “Deusi and Bhailo”: tapping them opens the page deusi-bhailo.html.
• iv.The contrast is far too low: gold on white is about 1.4 : 1, and text needs at least 4.5 : 1, so many people, and anyone reading a phone in sunlight, can’t read it. Use a darker color, such as a dark brown (#8b4513, about 7 : 1).

• i.Through the official Forgot password? or account-recovery page, typed in himself, never from a link in a message or that email. His recovery email, phone or codes get him back in.
• ii.Change the password, then check the recovery email and phone (and sign out every other device): the attacker changed the phone number to keep a way back in, so he must put his own back.
• iii.So that they don’t send money or trust links from the hacked account. He should warn them from another account or by phone, not from the hacked one.
• iv.To Nepal Police’s Cyber Bureau (and to the website through its help pages), keeping screenshots, dates and times as proof.

children = int(input("How many children are waiting? "))small = 0for child in range(1, children + 1):    age = int(input(f"Age of child {child}: "))    if age < 6:        print("Ride with a grown-up.")        small = small + 1    else:        print("Ride on your own.")print("Children who need a grown-up:", small)print("Time for everyone to ride:", children * 2, "minutes")

How many children are waiting? 4Age of child 1: 5Ride with a grown-up.Age of child 2: 9Ride on your own.Age of child 3: 12Ride on your own.Age of child 4: 3Ride with a grown-up.Children who need a grown-up: 2Time for everyone to ride: 8 minutes

A for loop fits, because the program knows how many children there are before the loop starts. Other wordings of the messages are fine.

i. and ii. A SyntaxError, on line 2:

  File "main.py", line 2    print("Happy Dashain, + name)          ^SyntaxError: unterminated string literal (detected at line 2)

The string that starts with "Happy is never closed: the closing quote is missing, so Python reads , + name) as part of the text and reaches the end of the line still inside it. A SyntaxError is found while Python reads the program, before anything runs, so the question on line 1 was never asked.

iii. Close the string before +:

name = input("Your name: ")print("Happy Dashain, " + name)

Your name: SitaHappy Dashain, Sita

iv.

One good page (yours will be different):

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en">  <head>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">    <title>The Linge Ping, Our Dashain Swing</title>    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">  </head>  <body>    <h1>The Linge Ping</h1>    <p>At Dashain, villages build a tall swing of four bamboo poles, and children and grown-ups take turns swinging high.</p>    <h2>Things to do at Dashain</h2>    <ul>      <li>Swing on the linge ping</li>      <li>Fly kites from the roof</li>      <li>Receive tika and jamara from elders</li>    </ul>    <img src="linge-ping.jpg" alt="A child swinging high on a tall bamboo linge ping at sunset, with hills behind">  </body></html>

body {  font-family: sans-serif;} h1 {  color: #8b4513;} img {  max-width: 100%;}

The max-width: 100% rule keeps the photo inside a phone’s screen.

• i.With range(1, children + 1) it takes 1, 2, 3 and 4 for 4 children, one value for each child (with range(children), 0 to 3). A for loop fits because the number of rounds is known before the loop starts: the number of children typed in.
• ii.+ joins two strings exactly as they are, adding nothing between them. The space inside the quotes keeps the comma and the name apart. Without it, the line would be Happy Dashain,Sita.
• iii.<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">, in the head. Without it the browser never reads the style sheet, so none of its rules apply: the page shows in the browser’s plain style (its default font, black headings, the photo at its full size), though all the words and the photo are still there.