← English Grammar

Sentence structure

Easy · TOEFL style

The rules
  • Every sentence needs a subject and a main verb: The library opens at nine.
  • Each clause has only one main verb, so any other verb must be an -ing form, a to-form or a past participle: The boy running home is my cousin.
  • Two clauses need one connector such as and, but, because or which between them, not two: It rained, so we stayed inside.
  • An appositive is a noun phrase without a verb that renames the noun before it: Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, lies in a valley.
  • An introductory phrase must be followed by the subject it describes: Walking to school, I saw a rainbow.
  • Use it for weather, time and distance or when the real subject comes later, and use there to say that something exists: It is hot today, and there are many lakes in Pokhara.
  • A group of words without a subject, a main verb or a complete clause is a fragment, not a sentence: Because the bus was late is only a fragment.

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