The rules
- Use who for people, which for things, and that for either in a clause that tells which one you mean: The girl who won the race is my cousin.
- Whose shows possession and comes right before a noun: The boy whose bicycle broke walked home.
- Use where after a place and when after a time: This is the village where my father grew up.
- The relative pronoun already stands for the noun, so don’t repeat it with he, it or them: The book that I read was long (not that I read it).
- A clause can be shortened to an -ing or -ed phrase: The man standing there is our coach, and the house built in 1900 is a museum.
- After a preposition, use whom for people and which for things, never that: The friend with whom I traveled lives in Pokhara.
- Commas set off a clause that only adds extra information, and that is not used in it: Mount Everest, which is in Nepal, is the highest mountain.
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