← English Grammar

Parallelism

Hard · Sentence correction style

The rules
  • Items in a list or series take the same grammatical form: to read, to write, and to count, not to read, to write, and counting.
  • Paired conjunctions (not only … but also, both … and, either … or, whether … or) must be followed by the same kind of word or phrase on each side: both for her research and for her teaching.
  • Place the first half of a pair directly before the part it pairs, not earlier: used the stars not only to tell time but also to predict floods, not not only used the stars to tell time but also to predict floods.
  • Rather than and as well as join matching forms, so match the verb or noun before them: chose to walk rather than ride.
  • When two clauses follow the same verb, repeat that or to before the second for clarity: She said that the lab was closed and that the test would wait.
  • Repeat a preposition or article when leaving it out could make the reader attach words to the wrong place: grateful to the guides who led her and to the porters.
  • Verbs that share a subject in a series keep the same form and tense, and a new subject needs its own clause: the air warms, rises, and is replaced, not the air warms, rises, and cool air replaces it.

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